BuddhistCatholicContemplativeEvangelicalGeneral ChristianHinduJewishLatter-day SaintMuslimNew VisionsProgressive Christian
Beliefs
- Buddhist
- Catholic
- Contemplative
- Evangelical
- General Christian
- Hindu
- Jewish
- Latter-day Saint
- More Voices
- Muslim
- New Visions
- Pagan
- Progressive Christian
Topics
- Religion News
- Food and Religion
- Sports and Religion
- Religious Art
- Religious Music and Entertainment
- Religious Events
- History and Religion
- Style and Religion
- Politics and Religion
- Women in Religion
- Recreation Outdoors and Religion
- Business Finance and Religion
- Careers Workplace and Religion
- Education and Religion
- Family Parenting and Religion
- Health Fitness and Religion
- Home and Religion
- Relationships and Religion
- Technology and Religion
- Travel and Religion
Columnists
- Buddhist Columnists
- Business Finance and Religion Columnists
- Careers Workplace and Religion Columnists
- Catholic Columnists
- Contemplative Columnists
- Education and Religion Columnists
- Evangelists Columnists
- Family Parenting and Religion Columnists
- General Christian Columnists
- Health Fitness and Religion Columnists
- Hindu Columnists
- History and Religion Columnists
- Home and Religion Columnists
- Jewish Columnists
- More Voices Columnists
- Latter Day Columnists
- Muslim Columnists
- New Visions Columnists
- Nonreligious Columnists
- Pagan Columnists
- Politics and Religion Columnists
- Progressive Columnists
- Recreation Outdoors and Religion Columnists
- Relationships and Religion Columnists
- Religion News Columnists
- Religious Art Columnists
- Religious Events Columnists
- Religious Music and Entertainment Columnists
- Sports and Religion Columnists
- Style and Religion Columnists
- Technology and Religion Columnists
- Travel and Religion Columnists
- Women in Religion Columnists
Resource Library
- 2026 Calendar
- Library of World Religions
- The 100 Most Holy Places on Earth
- Patheos Answers
- Podcasts
- Videos
- Faith Leaders Database
- Anglican Episcopalian
- Bahai
- Baptist
- Buddhism
- Christianity
- Confucianism
- Eastern Orthodoxy
- Hinduism
- Holiness and Pentecostal
- ISKCON
- Islam
- Judaism
- Lutheran
- Methodist
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- New Age
- Paganism
- Presbytarian and Reformed
- Protestantism
- Religion Behind the Scenes
- Roman Catholic
- Scientology
- Shia Islam
- Sikhism
- Sufism
- Sunni Islam
- Taoism
- Zen
- See all religions
Research Tools
Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In Subscription Support
Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In Subscription Support
- Trending:
- Forgiveness
- |
- Marriage
- |
- Consciousness
- |
- Death Penalty
- |
- Election
- |
- Halloween
- Home
- Catholic
- Loneliness Is A Kind Of Poverty Which Must Also Be Addressed
Loneliness Is A Kind Of Poverty Which Must Also Be Addressed
Last updated on: November 12, 2008 at 9:47 am by Henry Karlson
Loneliness Is A Kind Of Poverty Which Must Also Be Addressed 2008-11-12T09:47:17-05:00 Henry Karlson
Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.
Following Holy Scripture, Catholic Social Teaching consistently declares it a Christian duty for the faithful to work with, engage, and help the poor. “In seeking to promote human dignity, the Church shows a preferential love of the poor and the voiceless, because the Lord has identified himself with them in a special way (cf. Mt 25:40). This love excludes no one, but simply embodies a priority of service to which the whole Christian tradition bears witness.”[1]
There are many ways one can be classified among the poor. Spiritually, we are all poor. By ourselves, closed off from God, our life is one of suffering, and if we keep to ourselves and push God and others away, we will at last we end in hell. We all need God’s grace. Without it, life can be and is miserable. It is for this reason we who have grace are to go out and be the bearers of that grace to others; we are called to help people experience the richness of God’s bounty. It is not ours to posses, but to share; if we try to lock it up in ourselves, and hide it from the world, it will be taken away from us.[2] Materially, we can be poor. This, of course, is a major concern of Catholic Social Teaching, because Catholics recognize the fact that we are incarnate beings, and our integral good is important. Our physical, worldly situation cannot be neglected; those who are involuntarily suffering from the effects of material poverty tend to find their spiritual life impoverished. They will focus on material necessities, in doing what it takes to live and breathe another day, and so will have little to no time or energy to focus on spiritual needs. Indeed, they will have little real opportunity for spiritual meditation, even if they wanted it, because they often need goods for such meditation, goods which cost money they do not have to obtain them. But there is another, often neglected, way that one can be poor: one can be socially poor, lacking not only voice in the world, but the camaraderie which is necessary for a happy life. Loneliness is a struggle which affects many, even those materially wealthy, and it is a kind of poverty which requires aid from others to overcome. Human existence is relational, but loneliness occurs when social relations are lacking, causing people to suffer grievous sorrow because of their isolation. More importantly, such people often are incapable of knowing what to do to change their situation; if they had others to help guide them away from their loneliness, they would not be lonely. And so they must find such people themselves, but, without knowing how, they will always end up with the same result: alone, often depressed.
Despite all of its gadgets geared for communication, modern life is, for many, if not most people, increasingly lonely. The reason why so many try to find ways to communicate with each other through extraordinary, electronic means is because normal, daily, communal events are lacking. People feel the need to deal with their lack of social relations, and the digital world offers what appears to be an outlet where those social needs can be met. But it is all so fake, all so artificial; it’s a “diet”, carefree kind of communication; all the external attributes of dialogue without any of the nutrients. It’s disassociated from the real world, from our bodily existence, and promotes a rather gnostic, purely intellectual, withdraw from the world, while looking for a spiritual, bodiless form of communion with others. “The day-to-day world that is now awash with flickering images on computer monitors, television sets, and movie theater screens can dull awareness regarding the importance of real presence in real bodies.“[3]And, because we are incarnate beings with physical as well as spiritual needs, even in our relationship with others, it is obvious way such incorporeal, bodiless communication leads to a greater divide between people. While there might, at first, be a sense that one’s loneliness is being dealt with, if imperfectly, it is not enough. What at first appears to be working is not, and so people continue to push forward, more and more, with such bodiless communication, leading them to a kind of high when engaging it, but a new, worse low when it is over – proving how and why the digital world and all of its enticements can and does lead to addiction. It promises much, and people get a sense through instant gratification that those promises can be met; but it never gives what is needed. It gives just enough to entice, but not enough to nourish. So people press on, trying to get more and more out of such communication until, at last, they are worse off than they were before, and trapped even more in their lonely state of affairs.
Even when Adam was seen walking with God, God saw Adam needed someone else, another person, to interact with, to help him in daily life, to bring him to completion. “Then the LORD God said, ‘It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper fit for him’” (Gen. 2:18). It is for this reason why one cannot just rely upon one’s walk with God as the way out of loneliness. While there might be exceptional people, hermits, called for such endeavors, it is not the norm, and usually such a calling has special graces attached to it so that the hermit can deal with their temporary lot in life – and even they, in the end, are known by the people of God and find companionship in others, even if it is from just one other co-worker of God, like in the story of St Mary of Egypt.[4] Our nature, made in the image and likeness of God, a God who exists as three persons united in love. We are made for communion with others, even as the persons of the Holy Trinity exist in eternal communion. By nature, we experience the need to reach out to others in love and to be bonded to them in that love. “How beautiful is it that the second human being was taken from the side of the first, so that nature might teach that human beings are equal and, as it were, collateral, and that there is in human affairs neither a superior nor an inferior, a characteristic of true friendship. Hence, nature from the very beginning implanted the desire for friendship and charity in the heart of man, a desire which an inner sense of affection soon increased with a taste of sweetness.”[5]
What a great discord loneliness creates within the human person because it cuts the person off from his or her very being. Communion with others is inherent in who we are; it is part of the human essence, analogous to the way it is in the Divine Trinity. By working with each other, we become stronger, and we find the needs of daily life can be met. “Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their toil. For if they fall, one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him who is alone when he falls and has not another to lift him up. Again, if two lie together, they are warm; but how can one be warm alone? And though a man might prevail against one who is alone, two will withstand him. A threefold cord is not quickly broken” (Eccl. 4:9-12). Sin and egoism create the barriers which trap us in ourselves, and prevent us from living our nature out to its proper end. We live life unnaturally, and expect such an unnatural state of affairs will lead to happiness. But it cannot. The only thing it leads to is self-made misery, hell . Obviously, because of the fallen mode of earthly existence, the fault lies beyond one person, but with all; and one who could be reaching out for communion could be cut off, not from what they have done, but from what others fail to do to reach out to them. That is when loneliness becomes tragedy.
While there are people who might, voluntarily, be called to poverty, when it is thrust upon them from outside, their ability to cope with it is different. Their suffering should not be ignored. People could do great harm if they tell those who are impoverished, in whatever sense of impoverishment we mean, that they just need to accept their lot in life, have faith and God, and all will be well. We are called to meet them where they are at and help them, and not just leave them be, expecting God to take care of them. The normal agency of God’s providence in the world is human people, us, and for us to tell someone to wait for and rely upon an extraordinary act of God to deal with their difficulties is to dismiss the responsibility Jesus has placed upon us for being his disciples. We prove ourselves his not by the words we say, but by the actions we take in the world (cf. Matt. 25:31 – 46). Doing as Jesus commands is the only credible proof of our love, “He who has my commandments and keeps them, he it is who loves me” (John 14:21a).Thus, there is no excuse; Christians are called to reach out and help the littlest ones of God’s kingdom, the poor, the suffering, the oppressed, the voiceless, wherever they are at; we must raise them up and put them at the center of our social action. That is what is expected of us, and the time is ripe for us to finally meet those expectations.
Footnotes
[1] John Paul II, Ecclesia in Asia, no. 34.
[2] Two parables are pertinent here. First is the parable of the unjust servant: “”Therefore the kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who wished to settle accounts with his servants. When he began the reckoning, one was brought to him who owed him ten thousand talents; and as he could not pay, his lord ordered him to be sold, with his wife and children and all that he had, and payment to be made. So the servant fell on his knees, imploring him, ‘Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay you everything.’ And out of pity for him the lord of that servant released him and forgave him the debt. But that same servant, as he went out, came upon one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii; and seizing him by the throat he said, ‘Pay what you owe.’ So his fellow servant fell down and besought him, ‘Have patience with me, and I will pay you.’ He refused and went and put him in prison till he should pay the debt. When his fellow servants saw what had taken place, they were greatly distressed, and they went and reported to their lord all that had taken place. Then his lord summoned him and said to him, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave you all that debt because you besought me; and should not you have had mercy on your fellow servant, as I had mercy on you?’ And in anger his lord delivered him to the jailers, till he should pay all his debt. So also my heavenly Father will do to every one of you, if you do not forgive your brother from your heart” (Matthew 18:23 – 35). Here, we do not want to be like the unjust servant: just as we are given the bounty of God’s grace, and raised up beyond our spiritual poverty, so we should treat those who are indebted to us with a similar kind of grace, helping them to overcome the limitation of their situation. If we are harsh on them, we will see that the grace once given to us can be revoked; when this happens, we will be sent back, worse than before.
There is also the parable of the talents: “For it will be as when a man going on a journey called his servants and entrusted to them his property; to one he gave five talents, to another two, to another one, to each according to his ability. Then he went away. He who had received the five talents went at once and traded with them; and he made five talents more. So also, he who had the two talents made two talents more. But he who had received the one talent went and dug in the ground and hid his master’s money. Now after a long time the master of those servants came and settled accounts with them. And he who had received the five talents came forward, bringing five talents more, saying, ‘Master, you delivered to me five talents; here I have made five talents more.’ His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant; you have been faithful over a little, I will set you over much; enter into the joy of your master.’ And he also who had the two talents came forward, saying, ‘Master, you delivered to me two talents; here I have made two talents more.’ His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant; you have been faithful over a little, I will set you over much; enter into the joy of your master.’ He also who had received the one talent came forward, saying, ‘Master, I knew you to be a hard man, reaping where you did not sow, and gathering where you did not winnow; so I was afraid, and I went and hid your talent in the ground. Here you have what is yours.’ But his master answered him, ‘You wicked and slothful servant! You knew that I reap where I have not sowed, and gather where I have not winnowed? Then you ought to have invested my money with the bankers, and at my coming I should have received what was my own with interest. So take the talent from him, and give it to him who has the ten talents. For to every one who has will more be given, and he will have abundance; but from him who has not, even what he has will be taken away. And cast the worthless servant into the outer darkness; there men will weep and gnash their teeth’” (Matthew 25:14 – 30). If we take the grace given to us, and do not try to make it grow, but rather hide it up in ourselves and do not let it expand, as is natural for grace, we will find that it will vanish due to that negligence. Once rich we will once again find ourselves in a state of extreme spiritual poverty.
[3]Mary Timothy Prokes, At The Interface: Theology and Virtual Reality (Tucson, AZ: Fenestra Books, 2004), 69.
[4] Most hermits become hermits for a temporary period, to prepare them for some greater work of God; it is a means, not an ends. They go through a kind of spiritual warfare, putting themselves in touch with an aspect of Christ’s life (either his time in the desert, or, his descent into hades), so that, at the end of their struggle, having matured in the faith, they can reach out and help God’s precious people with the wisdom and strength they have gained from their hermitage.
[5]St Aelred of Rievalux, Spiritual Friendship. Trans. Mary Eugenia Laker (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1977), 63.
Previous Post

November 11, 2008
Veterans Day
Next Post

November 12, 2008 Prop. 8 Opposition Turns Ugly
Browse Our Archives
Select a Category 2019 A Consistent Ethic of Life Aaron Weldon Abortion absurdity Abuse Scandal Academics Adoption Advent Africa agreement/disagreement with Church teaching Alexander Schmemann Alexham Alterity America Amnesty International Anarchism angels Anglicanism Animals Annual Statistics Anthony Anxietas Apocalyptic Apophatic Appalachia Aquinas Art Atheism Atonement Augustine Authority Baptism Beauty Bible biblical criticism biblical scholarship Bioethics Bishops Black Catholics Black Theology Blackadder Blogs Books Breastfeeding Brett Salkeld Buddhism Bush administration Byzantine Catholic Calvinism Canada Canon Law Capital Punishment Capitalism Caryll Houselander Catholic Blog Awards Catholic Blogging Catholic League Catholic Social Teaching Catholic Worker Movement Catholicity CFL Charity Children Chris West Christ and Culture Christian Democracy Christian Unity Christmas Christology Church Church Doctrine Church History Climate Change Cohabitation Colbert Collegiality Communion Communism Comparative Theology Competition Conferences conscience conscience rights Consequentialism Consistent Life Ethics Consumerism Contraception Contrition Conversion Converts Coptic COVID-19 Creation Critical Thinking Cross Cuba Culture Culture of Death Culture of Life Darfur David Cruz-Uribe David Wheeler-Reed Death Death Penalty Democracy Demons Desert Fathers Devil Dialogue dignity Disability Disarmament discernment Discipleship discrimination Dissent Distributism Division Doctrine Domestic Church Dorothy Day Double Effect Doubt Down syndrome Driving Early Church Easter Eastern Churches Ecclesiology Economics Economy Ecumenism Education El Salvador Election Election 2020 Ellul Embryonic Stem Cell Research Empire Energy Enlighenment Environmentalism Ephraim Radner Episcopal Church epistemology Equality Eschatology Ethics Eucharist Europe Euthanasia Evangelization Evil Evolution Excommunication F.X. Durrwell Facism Facts Fair Trade Faith Family Fashion Feddie Feminism Feminist theology Fertility Fetal Rights Fiction Film Finances First Things flags Folk Religion Food Foreign Affairs Forgiveness Frank Sheed Free Speech Freedom gay & lesbian persons Genocide George W. Bush George Weigel Gerald L. Campbell Girard/Mimetic Theory Global Warming Globalization Gnosticism Good Friday Grace Gratitude Greed Grey Cup 2009 Guadalupe Guest Post Guest Posts Gun Control Gustave Martelet Habitat for Humanity Hans Urs von Balthasar Harry Potter Hate Speech Health Health Care Healthcare Heather King Hebrew Bible Henri de Lubac Henry Karlson Herbert McCabe Heresy HHS Mandate Controversy History Holidays Holiness Holy Spirit Homiletics Homily Homosexuality Hope Hospitality How Far Can We Go? How Far Can We Go? Human Person Human Rights Humanae Vitae Humility Humor Hunger Hunting Identity Idolatry Ignacio Ellacuría Imagination Immigration In Memoriam Income Inequality Inculturation Indigenous People Individualism Inklings Intellect Interdependence Internet Interpretation Interviews Introduction Iraq War Islam Israel Jain James Alison James Martin Jazz Jesus Christ Jews Joe Biden Joe Hargrave Johann Baptist Metz John Allen John Henry Newman John Paul II John the Baptist John XXIII Jonathan Josef Pieper Joseph (the husband of Mary) Joseph Bernardin Joseph Ratzinger Josh Brumfield Journals Joy Judgment Just War Justice Kari Lundgren Karl Rahner Katerina Ivanovna Kenya Keynes Kingdom of God Kyle R. Cupp Labor Language Latin America Law Leanne Ogasawara Legion of Christ Leisure Lent Liberalism Liberation Theology Libertarianism Libya Lies Life life & dignity & responsibility of the human person Literature Little Way Liturgical music Liturgical Year Liturgy Living Simply Living Wage Local Church Lombard Lord of the Rings Louis Dupre Love M.Z. Magic Magisterium Mark DeFrancisis Mark Gordon Marriage Martin Luther Martin Luther King Jr. Martyrdom Marxism Mary Masculinity Matt Talbot Matthew Fish Matthew Levering McCain Media Memorial Day Mennonites Mental Illness mercy Michael Iafrate Middle East militarism Miroslav Volf Mitt Romney Modesty Moral Theology Morality Mormonism Morning's Minion Mother Teresa Music Muslims Natalie Nate Wildermuth Nationalism Native Americans Nature Nazis Neuhaus New Evangelization New York City News NFP nihilism Nonviolence Not Abortion Nova's Ordo Nuclear weapons Nuns Obama Occult Old Age Opus Dei Ordination ordination of women original sin Orthodoxy Oscar Romero Other Voices Pacifism Palestine Palin Papacy Papal Peace Messages Papal Social Encyclicals Particular Affections Partisanship Patriotism Paul Paul Ryan Paul VI Peace Pentimento persecution Personalism Phantastes Philosophy PKD Planned Parenthood Pluralism Poetry Policraticus Politcal Apathy Politics Poll Pope Benedict XVI Pope Francis Pope John Paul II Pope Leo XIV Population Postcolonialsim Poverty Power Prayer Preaching Predictions Predictions for 2012 President Barack Obama priestly formation & discernment Pro-Life Progress Prophetic Witness Proportionalism Public Diplomacy Public Policy Question Quotes Rachel Maddow Racism Radical Catholic Mom Radical Catholicism Raymund Schwager Real Catholic TV Real Presence Reconciliation Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange Religion religious freedom Responsibility Ressourcement Resurrection Rick Garnett Ridiculous Crap You Never Thought You'd See Robert Barron Roe v. Wade Roman Curia Rome Russia Sacraments Saints Salvation History Sam Harris Sam Rocha Same-sex Marriage Saskatchewan Roughriders Satire School of the Americas Science Scripture Seamless Garment Second Vatican Council Seeing Sex sexual violence Sexuality Sia Sin social justice Social Security Socialism Society of Jesus Sofia Loves Wisdom Solidarity Sophia soteriology Soutenus Spirituality Sports St. Dismas St. Joseph Stanley Hauerwas Statistics Stimulus Suffering Sunday Reflections Supernatural Supreme Court Symbolism Syria Taxing Technology Terrorism The State The Tea Party The Trump Administration Theological Anthropology Theology Theotokos Thomas Merton Throwaway Culture Tim Muldoon Tim Riley Tim Tebow Time Titian Tolkien Torture Toys Trade Traditionalism Transgender Transportation Transubstantiation Trinity Truth TV U.S. Affairs Uncategorized Unions unity among people who disagree US Catholicism USCCB Usury Utilitarianism Utopia Valentine's Day Vatican Vatican II Veterans Vicarious Suffering Video Violence Virgin Mary Vocations Voluntary Associations Voluntary Poverty Voting Vox Nova vox nova blog war War and Peace War Strategy Wealth Weirdness Welfare state Women Women Priests Work Woundedness Youth
Select a Month June 2026 May 2025 February 2025 January 2025 July 2024 May 2024 April 2024 March 2024 February 2024 January 2024 December 2023 July 2023 March 2023 January 2023 December 2022 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 November 2021 September 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007
Follow Us!
TAKE THE
Religious Wisdom Quiz
Who said, "Lord, if you are willing, you can make me clean"?
Select your answer to see how you score.
A centurion A blind man A leper A tax collector
Related posts from Vox Nova
Letting Go of Libido Dominandi: Tolkien and Niebuhr...
Humanized Machines and Mechanized Humans
Lies, Damn Lies, and Profit Motives
On Judging Idiots and Being the Idiot
TRENDING AT PATHEOS Catholic
Rejecting Doom: Christian Hope And Human Action
Christianity is a religion of hope. We are to have hope and...
It’s What Comes From Within Which Matters
One of the most difficult things for us to understand is why...
Why I Choose the Eucharist Over the Sermon
Choose the Eucharist, Not the Sermon What are we supposed to get...
5 Design Elements Found in Spiritually Rooted Homes
Putting Spirituality Into Home Decor Our homes are more than our living...
Credo: A Story of God Told with the...
About 10 years ago, I began to imagine a personal "Credo" that...
The Anatomy of Divine Revelation in Catholic Thought
The claim that God has made Himself known to human beings is...
view all Catholic blogs
Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In Subscription Support
- About Us
- 2026 Calendar
- Videos
- Podcasts
- Library of World Religions
- Faith In Media Tracker
- Advertise With Us
- Write for Us
- Privacy Policy
- Terms of Service
- Do Not Sell My Data
- Contact Us
- Radiant Digital
- Manage Newsletter Subscriptions
- Unsubscribe From Notifications
- Sitemap
Copyright 2008-2026, Patheos. All rights reserved.
Subscription Support Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In









