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Analysis: Attacks Highlight Nigeria’s Divisions

Analysis: Attacks Highlight Nigeria’s Divisions

Last updated on: December 27, 2011 at 3:16 pm by

Analysis: Attacks Highlight Nigeria’s Divisions 2011-12-27T15:16:42-07:00

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LAGOS, Nigeria (AP) — Boko Haram’s insurgency started with robed men on motorcycles killing their enemies one at a time across Nigeria’s remote and dusty northeast. Now the radical Muslim sect’s attacks have morphed into a nationwide sectarian fight.

They’re taking on strategic targets like the country’s United Nations headquarters and are striking on symbolic days — including Christmas attacks now two years in a row.

At least 39 people were killed when Boko Haram militants attacked two churches and set off explosions elsewhere Sunday, sparking panic and fears of mob violence.

The terror group, some of whose members have links to al-Qaida, wants to impose Islamic Shariah law across Nigeria — a country divided into a mostly Muslim north and a largely Christian south.

Boko Haram’s widening terror attacks, though, are only further intensifying religious divisions in Nigeria. In this nation of more than 160 million people, thousands have died in recent years in communal fighting pitting machete-wielding neighbors against each other.

Nigeria’s president, who is a Christian, met Tuesday with the country’s top spiritual leader of Muslims in a bid to ease the tensions and to show a united front against extremism.

“I want to assure all Nigerians that there is no conflict between Muslims and Christians or Islam and Christianity. It is a conflict between evil people and good people,” the Sultan of Sokoto Muhammad Sa’ad Abubakar III told journalists after the meeting. “The good people are more than the evil ones. So the good people must come together to defeat the evil ones.”

But already part of a major Nigerian Christian group is urging its members to defend themselves, raising the specter of retaliation. The northern states that are part of the influence Christian Association of Nigeria have called for Christians to be law-abiding but warned that “the situation may degenerate to a religious war.”

Nigeria — Africa’s most populous nation — has more than 250 ethnic groups. It remains largely divided between a Christian south and a Muslim north, though members of the two faiths live everywhere across Africa’s most populous nation, do business together and intermarry.

Religious differences have caused blood to spill before and also dictate politics. After independence from Britain in 1960, Nigeria largely remained held by Muslim military rulers from the country’s north.

As democracy took hold in 1999, former military ruler Olusegun Obasanjo, a Christian of the Yoruba people, served two, four-year terms as an elected president.

Current President Goodluck Jonathan, a Christian from a minority tribe in the country’s oil delta, has faced political troubles since he took over following the death of President Umaru Yar’Adua, a Muslim whom northerners assumed would have two terms.

Jonathan’s election in April saw political and religious riots break out across the country’s mostly Muslim north, killing 800 people.

Religious leaders in Nigeria’s north are pledging to fight extremism, but some have previously worked with government security agencies to release known terror suspects, according to leaked U.S. diplomatic cables.

Among those let go during this period was the mastermind of the U.N. bombing, according to governmental sources who spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.

While Muslims largely abhor the violence of Boko Haram, many privately agree with the anger felt in Nigeria’s arid north, where unemployment in some areas sits as 70 percent and opportunities for an education remain few.

The same federal government that cannot provide the country with electricity and clean water steals billions of dollars a year in oil revenues.

And as the government fails to provide security for Nigerians, groups continue to arm themselves.

“Each day, Nigerians are forced to accept new depths of crudity and violence as the norm,” columnist Okey Ndibe wrote in Tuesday’s edition of The Daily Sun newspaper. “We are in danger of becoming a country where the slaughter of hundreds, even thousands, of defenseless citizens is deemed a normal fact of life.”

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Associated Press writer Bashir Adigun in Abuja, Nigeria contributed to this report.

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EDITOR’S NOTE – Associated Press Nigeria chief correspondent Jon Gambrell has been reporting on West Africa since 2009. He can be reached at www.twitter.com/jongambrellAP.

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