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- El Origen Inesperado de los Años Jubilares
El Origen Inesperado de los Años Jubilares
Last updated on: June 17, 2025 at 9:03 am by Father Pablo Migone
El Origen Inesperado de los Años Jubilares 2025-06-17T09:03:51-05:00 Father Pablo Migone
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El Jubileo Mundial de 2025, Peregrinos de Esperanza, fue convocado por el Papa Francisco siguiendo la tradición establecida por el Papa Bonifacio VIII en el año 1300, cuando éste convocó el primer Año Jubilar de la Iglesia Católica. La mayoría de las reseñas actuales que he leído sobre la historia del Jubileo citan la práctica judía de jubileo descrita en el Libro del Levítico, pero rara vez se menciona al Papa Bonifacio. Viajé a Roma a los días de la inauguración del Año Jubilar a fines de diciembre 2024, y visité la Basílica de San Juan de Letrán, la catedral de Roma, donde se encuentra una pintura del Papa Bonifacio VIII declarando el primer Año Jubilar. Me sorprendió que la significativa representación atribuida al gran artista medieval Giotto no se destacó en manera particular. En la pintura el Papa aparece entre dos asistentes en la logia que mandó construir en la basílica para declarar este primer Año Jubilar de 1300. Solo si lees latín, puedes entender la inscripción debajo de la pintura que dice, entre otras cosas, “Imago Iconica Bonifaci VIII Pont Max Iobelaeum Primum in Annum M CCC Indicentis”.
El misterio de Bonifacio VIII y el origen de los años jubilares reside en que, históricamente, Bonifacio fue un papa polémico que provocó una profunda división en la Iglesia. Su papado comenzó tras manipular la abdicación del papa ermitaño Celestino V para convertirse él en papa, y culminó con su arresto ordenado por el Rey Felipe IV de Francia y su muerte al mes siguiente. El sucesor de Bonifacio trasladó el papado de Roma a Aviñón, Francia, donde los papas permanecieron durante unos 100 años. A finales del siglo catorce se produjo el escandaloso caso de que dos prelados se proclamaban papas legítimos: uno en Aviñón y otro en Roma, y surgió eventualmente un tercero que se autoproclamó papa en Pisa, Italia. Todo el conflicto concluyó en 1429 cuando el Papa Martín V fue elegido para restaurar el papado en Roma. Entre las razones por las que el Papa Bonifacio VIII convocó el primer Jubileo se encontraba su deseo de mostrar su poder e influencia en Europa Occidental, pero al final, causó una profunda división tanto en Europa como en la Iglesia.
Aunque el propósito del Año Jubilar se ha purificado a lo largo de los siglos, su origen ofrece una fuerte oportunidad para la reflexión, especialmente al considerar el dicho atribuido a Santa Teresa de Ávila: «Dios escribe derecho con renglones torcidos». A pesar de la debilidad y el error humano, el conflicto y la confusión, Dios tiene la capacidad de obrar a través de todo para lograr sus propósitos. La decisión del Papa Bonifacio VIII de convocar un Año Jubilar puede no haber tenido las intenciones más puras, pero sentó el precedente para futuros momentos de inmensa gracia. Incluso en el primer Año Jubilar de 1300, se estima que 200.000 peregrinos visitaron Roma, y los santuarios de la ciudad recibieron necesarias restauraciones. Cuando miramos dentro de nosotros mismos, por la gracia de Dios, tenemos la capacidad de asumir los pecados y errores de nuestras vidas, arrepentirnos, aprender de ellos y trazar un mejor camino hacia el futuro. El Libro de Proverbios afirma: «El corazón humano traza su camino, pero el Señor dirige sus pasos» (Proverbios 16:9). Éste es el misterio de cómo la gracia de Dios opera en el corazón humano.
Painting is in the public domain, author died in 1337.
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