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{"id":343,"date":"2011-10-28T19:58:00","date_gmt":"2011-10-28T23:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism-a-catholic-critique-index-page-for-dave-armstrong-2.html"},"modified":"2026-10-15T12:04:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T16:04:38","slug":"calvinism-and-general-protestantism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html","title":{"rendered":"Calvinism & General Protestantism: Catholic Critique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

\u00a0 "Cover <\/div>\n

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[book and purchase information<\/a>]<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

*****<\/div>\n

TABLE OF CONTENTS<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

***<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Calvinism<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

I. REPLIES TO REFORMED BAPTIST GAVIN ORTLUND<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

II. REPLIES TO STEVE HAYS<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

III. CALVINISM AND ST. AUGUSTINE<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

IV. SACRAMENTS: ESPECIALLY BAPTISM AND THE EUCHARIST<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

V. PREDESTINATION, SUPRALAPSARIANISM, SOVEREIGNTY, JUDGMENT, UNCONDITIONAL ELECTION<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

VI. \u201cTULIP\u201d: TOTAL DEPRAVITY \/ LIMITED ATONEMENT \/ IRRESISTIBLE GRACE \/ PERSEVERANCE OF THE SAINTS<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

VII. REPLIES TO FRANCOIS TURRETIN (1623-1687)<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

VIII. ZWINGLI AND OTHER CALVINISTIC \u201cREFORMERS\u201d \/ MARIOLOGY IN PARTICULAR<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

IX. ECUMENISM<\/span><\/div>\n

***
**\n<\/span>X. ICONOCLASM AND INTOLERANCE<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

XI. APOLOGETIC METHOD (PRESUPPOSITIONALISM)<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

XII. GENERAL \/ MISCELLANEOUS<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Protestantism (General)<\/strong><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

XIII. THE PROTESTANT WORLDVIEW AND THE SO-CALLED \u201cPROTESTANT REFORMATION\u201d SCRUTINIZED <\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

XIV. THE PROTESTANT \u201cQUEST FOR UNCERTAINTY\u201d \/ THE SO-CALLED CATHOLIC \u201cPROBLEM\u201d OF THE \u201cINFALLIBILITY REGRESS\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

XV. PROTESTANTISM: LOGICALLY SELF-DEFEATING \/ REDUCTION TO SELF-CONTRADICTION<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

XVI. DENOMINATIONALISM AND SECTARIANISM\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

XVII. CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

XVIII. ANGLICANISM<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

XIX. JOHN WESLEY<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

XX. C. S. LEWIS<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

***<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

***<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

CALVINISM<\/span><\/div>\n

\n**
** **I. REPLIES TO REFORMED BAPTIST GAVIN ORTLUND<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Reply to Gavin Ortlund\u2019s \u201cSola Scriptura Defended\u201d<\/a> [4-27-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Augustine & Sola Scriptura<\/em> (vs. Gavin Ortlund)<\/a> (+ Part 2<\/a>) [4-29-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Gavin Ortlund\u2019s \u201cRelics: A Protestant Critique\u201d<\/a> [5-12-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Gavin Ortlund on Purgatory<\/a> (+ Part 2<\/a>) [5-14-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Gavin Ortlund on Praying to the Saints<\/a> (Including a Reply Regarding the (Blasphemous?) \u201cExcesses of Marian Prayers\u201d from the Protestant Point of View)<\/a> [5-15-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Baptist Gavin Ortlund\u2019s Critique of Icons<\/a> [5-19-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Baptist Gavin Ortlund on Baptism<\/a> [5-20-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

St. Jerome, Papacy, & Succession (vs. Gavin Ortlund)<\/a> [1-20-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to a Gavin Ortlund Argument Against Infant Baptism<\/a> [1-26-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply To Gavin Ortlund\u2019s 6-Minute Sola Scriptura<\/em> Defense (Including the Biblical Case for Prophets as Inspired and Infallible Authorities Besides Holy Scripture)<\/a> [1-26-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Gavin Ortlund: St. Ignatius & Bishops (+ St. Polycarp and St. Clement of Rome On Early Church Ecclesiology)<\/a> [2-1-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Dave Armstrong Responds to Gavin Ortlund on Jerome & the Monepiscopacy<\/a> [30-minute audio presentation Suan Sonna\u2019s YouTube channel, Intellectual Catholicism<\/em>, on 2-4-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Jerome & Succession, Vs. Gavin Ortlund: Audio Transcript<\/a> [2-5-24]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Reply To Gavin Ortlund: Albigensian Crusade<\/a> [2-6-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Reply To Gavin Ortlund: Catholic Inquisitions; Hus<\/a> [2-7-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Catholicism & Non-Catholic Salvation (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) + How Early Protestants Widely Damned Other Protestants Who Held Different Theological Views<\/a> [2-9-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Gavin Ortlund\u2019s Sola Scriptura<\/em> Proofs Prove Tradition: Including an In-Depth Analysis of the Term \u201cOracles of God\u201d (Gk., Logion<\/em>, Romans 3:2)<\/a> [2-12-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Bible \/ Faith \u201cAlone\u201d Vs. The Fathers (Vs. Gavin Ortlund)<\/a> [2-13-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Last Day: What Jesus Says To The Elect (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) + Bible Passages On the Organic Relationship of Faith, Works, Grace, Obedience, & Salvation<\/a> [2-16-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Why Protestants Become Catholics (w Gavin Ortlund)<\/a> [2-22-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

My Deep Respect for Gavin Ortlund as a Protestant Apologist<\/a> [2-22-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Deuterocanon: Reply To Protestant Apologist Gavin Ortlund<\/a> [2-26-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Denominationalism & The Bible: Reply To Gavin Ortlund (+ Does the New Testament Present an Ecclesiology of \u201cThe Church\u201d?)<\/a> [2-27-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Biblical Arguments for the Papacy: Reply to Gavin Ortlund<\/a> [Including Gavin\u2019s Exceptionally Ecumenical & Irenic Statements About the Catholic Church & Catholics]\u00a0[3-12-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Origen & Interceding Saints & Angels (vs. Gavin Ortlund)<\/a> [3-13-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Papacy & OT Infallible Prophets Analogy (vs. Gavin Ortlund)<\/a> [3-14-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Church Fathers & Images: No<\/em> Evidence? (vs. Gavin Ortlund)<\/a> [3-18-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Reply to Gavin Ortlund: Confession & Authority<\/a>\u00a0[4-11-24]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

The Scarcity of Serious, Constructive Theological Dialogue Today (Ortlund and Cooper)<\/a> [Facebook, 4-17-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Immaculate Conception: Reply to Gavin Ortlund (Including Analysis of Catholic Anathemas in Dogmatic Statements \/ Development of Doctrine and Mary)<\/a> [8-22-24]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Mary\u2019s Assumption: Reply to Gavin Ortlund (Its \u201cLate\u201d Development \/ Two 4th Century Witnesses \/ Protestant Commentators on Revelation 12 \/ Biblical Arguments)<\/a> [8-23-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Gavin Ortlund Affirms That Many Protestants Are Anxious and Considering Conversion to Catholicism: So Much So That He Felt Led to Write a Book to Counter It<\/a> [Facebook, 8-23-24]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Icons: Gavin Ortlund\u2019s 500-Year Absence Claim Refuted<\/a> [see also the <\/span>transcript of the initial portion<\/a>] <\/span> [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, with Kenny Burchard, 8-9-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Vs. Ortlund: Widespread Image Veneration Before 500 AD (Contra Reformed Baptist Apologist Gavin Ortlund; Including the Opinions of Protestant Historians Philip Schaff and Jaroslav Pelikan; Similarity to the Veneration of Relics)<\/a> [8-15-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

VIDEO:<\/span> Gavin Ortlund\u2019s Claim DEBUNKED! No, Augustine WASN\u2019T \u201cSola Scriptura<\/em>\u201c!<\/a>\u00a0[Lux Veritatis<\/em>, with Kenny Burchard, 8-30-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

VIDEO: Relics: Gavin Ortlund says NO, Bible Says YES!<\/a> [see also the\u00a0written transcript<\/a>\u00a0of the initial portion]\u00a0[Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, with Kenny Burchard, 10-3-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Gavin Ortlund vs. Catholic Unity: Are Denominations Biblical?<\/a> [see also the transcript of the initial portion<\/a>] [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 10-23-25]***
***\n*<\/span><\/div>\n

Joe Heschmeyer Claimed that Gavin Ortlund Partially Cited a Text of the Didache Improperly, but Not \u201cOn Purpose\u201d; Gavin Responds That Joe Habitually Doesn\u2019t Cite His Words or Those of Others \u201cAccurately\u201d<\/a> [Facebook, 10-30-25]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Baptist Apologist Dr. Gavin Ortlund: Catholic Apologists Doing Much Better Than We Are, Online<\/a> [Facebook, 12-29-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Gavin Ortlund, Hus\u2019s Burning, & Double Standards (+ several highly uncomfortable points of fact for those who deny that early Protestantism massively executed those it deemed to be heretics: mostly fellow Protestants)<\/a> [my 36th reply to Dr. Ortlund since April 2022] [12-30-25]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

A Few \u201cWorst\u201d & \u201cBest\u201d Arguments vs. Protestantism<\/a> [8-21-26]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

On Protestant Explanations of Catholic Conversion<\/a>***
** [10-15-26]<\/span>
\n*<\/div>\n
** II. REPLIES TO STEVE HAYS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
** ***Series<\/span>: Replies to [Steve] Hays\u2019 \u201cBiblical Calvinism\u201d:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reply #1: Preliminaries; God \u201cHardens\u201d Hearts?; Few or Many Saved?<\/a> [6-12-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply #2: Sin & God\u2019s Providence; Does God Cause Infirmities & Send \u201cEvil Spirits\u201d?; Examples of God\u2019s Immediate Judgment, Including Absalom; \u201cA Lying Spirit\u201d<\/a> [6-13-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply #3: Does God \u201cMicromanage\u201d Every Intent?; God Judges Assyria; Israel Judged in Isaiah 6; Predestined Crucifixion; Acts 13:48: \u201cOrdained to Eternal Life\u201d; Catholic Church & God\u2019s Providence<\/a> [6-14-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply #4: Catholicism: The Elect Are Predestined; Reprobate in 1 Peter 2:8; God\u2019s Providence (We Agree!); False Prophet as God\u2019s \u201cTool\u201d; Good Ol\u2019 Romans 9<\/a> [6-15-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

III. CALVINISM AND ST. AUGUSTINE<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Early Protestants & St. Augustine: Ambiguity<\/a> [1-28-04]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

St. Augustine Was Catholic<\/em>, Not Proto-Protestant!<\/a> [9-25-10]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

St. Augustine\u2019s Eucharistic Doctrine and Protestant \u201cCo-Opting\u201d<\/a> [9-25-10]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

St. Augustine\u2019s Eucharistic Doctrine: Simultaneous Assertion of Realism and Symbolism<\/a> [2-17-11]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

St. Augustine: Thoroughly Catholic<\/em>: 135 Proofs<\/a> [8-30-12]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

St. Augustine, Calvin, and Calvinists Regarding Total Depravity<\/a>\u00a0[1-7-14]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n***
** ***IV. SACRAMENTS: ESPECIALLY BAPTISM AND THE EUCHARIST<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/div>\n

Sacramentarian Controversies (Calvin vs. Luther vs. Zwingli)<\/a>\u00a0[3-29-04]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Eucharistic Real Presence: Luther\u2019s Magnificent Defense\u00a0<\/a>[Over Against Zwingli] [6-21-04]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

John Calvin\u2019s Erroneous Mystical View of the Eucharist<\/a>\u00a0[4-9-04, rev. 9-7-05]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Quiz on Early Protestant \/ \u201cReformation\u201d Eucharistic Harmony<\/a>\u00a0[8-23-09]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

St. Augustine Accepted All Seven Catholic Sacraments<\/a> [9-25-10]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Salvation Through the Eucharist According to Francois Turretin (1623-1687)<\/a> [Facebook, 2-23-25]<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Turretin and the Debate Over the Lord\u2019s Supper<\/a>\u00a0[Vs. Turretin #11: Eucharist, Pt. 1] (Does a traditional literal reading of \u201cthis is my body\u201d entail \u201ca thousand absurdities and contradictions\u201d? The book of Job is instructive)<\/a> [2-24-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Reply to Fran\u00e7ois Turretin #12: Transubstantiation, Pt. 1 (Does Turretin think biblically in this regard or hyper-rationally and skeptically?)<\/a> [2-26-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Reply to Fran\u00e7ois Turretin #13: Transubstantiation, Pt. 2 (Language of \u201cbread\u201d & \u201cwine\u201d after consecration; transubstantiation and transformation: compendium from the Church fathers)<\/a> [2-27-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Reply to Fran\u00e7ois Turretin #14: Eucharist, Pt. 2 (False premises; unfounded, unbiblical divine \u201cimpossibilities\u201d; cessationism; ten types of physical divine presence)<\/a> [2-28-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: How Can That Be Jesus? (Turretin & the Eucharist): Calvinist Hyper-Rationalism vs. the Biblical Teaching of Twenty Kinds of God\u2019s Presence<\/a> [see the written transcript<\/a> of the main presentation]<\/span> [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 5-23-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

Dialogue on Reformed Eucharistic Theology<\/a> [5-25-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO:<\/span> Eucharist = Jesus? Protestant Doubts vs. Biblical Faith<\/a> [see the transcript<\/a> of the main presentation, minus additional discussion]<\/span>\u00a0[Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 5-29-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zwingli\u2019s Watered-Down Original Sin and Rejection of Baptismal Regeneration as its Antidote<\/a> [6-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V. PREDESTINATION, SUPRALAPSARIANISM, SOVEREIGNTY, JUDGMENT, UNCONDITIONAL ELECTION***
***\n<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Catholic Teaching: Predestination of the Elect (Ludwig Ott)<\/a>\u00a0[1996]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Dialogue on God\u2019s Middle Knowledge & Foreknowledge<\/a>\u00a0(vs. Dr. Alexander Pruss) [1997]***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Assurance of Instant Salvation? \/ Apostasy \/ Falling Away<\/a>\u00a0(Bible passages) [c. 2000]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

John Calvin: Only God Knows Who is Numbered Among the Elect<\/a> [1-5-06]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Dialogue on Molinism and on How God Predestines<\/a>\u00a0(+\u00a0Part II<\/a>) [4-15-06 and 4-24-06]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Predestination & the Ingenious \u201cSolution\u201d of Fr. Most<\/a>\u00a0[4-22-06]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Dialogue: Molinism & How God Predestines (Pt. III)<\/a>\u00a0(+\u00a0Pt. IV<\/a>) [5-2-06 and 5-14-06]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Do Catholics Believe in Predestination? Yes! But . . .<\/a> [8-29-06]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Reply to a Calvinist: Hardening of Pharaoh\u2019s Heart<\/a> (vs. Colin Smith) [10-14-06]<\/span><\/div>\n

Catholic Predestination, Molinism, & Thomism in a Nutshell <\/a>[3-27-08]<\/span><\/p>\n

Luther: God Predestines Reprobation of the Damned<\/a>\u00a0[2-27-10]<\/span><\/p>\n

Dialogue: Double Predestination, Total Depravity, & Limited Atonement<\/a> [4-14-10]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Bible vs. Double Predestination (No Reprobate Parallels)<\/a> [4-22-10]<\/span><\/p>\n

Romans 9: Plausible Non-Calvinist Interpretation <\/a>[4-22-10]<\/span><\/p>\n

Is God the Author of Evil?<\/a> (vs. John Calvin)<\/span> [Oct. 2012]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to James White\u2019s Exegesis of James 2 in Chapter 20 of His Book, The God Who Justifies<\/em><\/a> [10-9-13]<\/span><\/p>\n

God \u201cHardening Hearts\u201d: How Do We Interpret That?<\/a> [12-18-08; expanded on 1-4-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Does God \u201cWant\u201d Men to Sin? Does He \u201cOrdain\u201d Sin?<\/a> [2-17-10 and 3-16-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Luther (Unlike Lutheranism) Taught Double Predestination<\/a> [1-11-18]<\/span><\/p>\n

Atheist Ignorance of Christianity: Typical Example (Calvinists make up only some 5% of all Christians, so why do atheists so often think that Calvinist double predestination is the only accepted view in Christian theology?)<\/a> [12-12-20]<\/span><\/p>\n

Hays\u2019 Calvinist Prooftexts #1: \u201cHardening Hearts\u201d<\/a> [10-23-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Hays\u2019 Calvinist Prooftexts #2: Eli\u2019s Sons (1 Sam 2:25)<\/a> [10-25-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

The Lord \u201cBringing Evil\u201d Means Righteous Judgment<\/a> [10-25-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Hays\u2019 Calvinist Prooftexts #3: Absalom\u2019s Judgment<\/a> [10-27-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Hays\u2019 Calvinist Prooftexts #4: Judgment of Assyria<\/a> [10-27-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Romans 9: Unanswerable Calvinist Prooftext?<\/a> [12-28-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Allie Beth Stuckey on Predestination to Hell: Biblical Catholic Takedown<\/a>\u00a0[see also the transcript of the initial presentation<\/a>] [with Kenny Burchard, Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 1-23-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

Renowned Calvinists On Unconditional Reprobation (Calvin, Beza, Turretin, Charles Hodge, Shedd, Warfield, Bavinck, Berkhof, Sproul, Grudem, Beeke, Horton)<\/a> [1-25-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

Calvinist unconditional reprobation from all eternity without any consideration whatsoever of a person\u2019s sins: in a nutshell<\/a> [Facebook, 1-26-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

Unconditional Reprobation: Calvinist Biblical Prooftexts<\/a> [1-26-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

VI. \u201cTULIP\u201d: TOTAL DEPRAVITY \/ LIMITED ATONEMENT \/ IRRESISTIBLE GRACE \/ PERSEVERANCE OF THE SAINTS***
***\n<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

Luther and the Origin & Nature of \u201cInstant\u201d Salvation<\/a> [1991]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Calvinist Total Depravity vs. Catholic Concupiscence<\/a> [1996]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Assurance of Instant Salvation? \/ Apostasy \/ Falling Away<\/a> (Bible passages) [c. 2000]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

\u201cCertainty\u201d of Eternal Life? (1 John 5:13 and John 5:24)<\/a> [5-8-02]<\/div>\n

Total Depravity: Reply to James White: Calvinism and Romans 3:10-11 (\u201cNone is Righteous . . . No One Seeks For God\u201d)\u00a0<\/a>[4-15-07]<\/p>\n

Calvinist Total Depravity: Does Romans 1 Apply to All Men?<\/a> [4-10-08]<\/p>\n

2nd Council of Orange: Sola Gratia<\/em>\u00a0vs. Total Depravity<\/a> [1-5-09]<\/p>\n

Dialogue with a Calvinist Regarding Falling Away from Grace or Salvation<\/a> [7-28-09]<\/p>\n

Books by Dave Armstrong: Biblical Catholic Answers for John Calvin<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>[3-11-10]<\/p>\n

Gospel = Total Depravity, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace?<\/a> [4-6-10]<\/p>\n

Dialogue: Double Predestination, Total Depravity, & Limited Atonement<\/a> [4-14-10]<\/p>\n

Bible vs. the Reformed Doctrine of Total Depravity<\/a> [October 2010]<\/span><\/p>\n

Bible vs. the Reformed Doctrine of Limited Atonement<\/a> [October 2010]<\/span><\/p>\n

Calvinist Irresistible Grace vs. the Bible<\/a> [October 2010]<\/span><\/p>\n

Calvinist Dialogues with Ghost of Plato<\/a> [10-31-11]<\/p>\n

Should We Pray for \u201cAll Men\u201d (1 Tim 2:1) or Not? (Bible and Calvin Say Yes; Anti-Catholic Calvinist Ron Van Brenk Sez No)<\/a> [11-16-11]<\/span><\/p>\n

St. Francis de Sales: Bible vs. Total Depravity<\/a> [11-24-11]<\/p>\n

A Biblical Critique of Calvinism<\/em>\u00a0(Dave Armstrong): Introduction <\/a>[10-1-12]<\/p>\n

Total Depravity and the Evil of the Non-Elect<\/a>\u00a0(vs. John Calvin) [10-12-12]<\/p>\n

Refutation of Calvinist Total Depravity<\/a> [10-12-12]<\/p>\n

Can Only Regenerate Men Perform Truly Good Works?<\/a> (vs. John Calvin) [Oct. 2012]<\/span><\/p>\n

Books by Dave Armstrong: A Biblical Critique of Calvinism<\/em><\/a>\u00a0[10-23-12]<\/p>\n

Calvinist Irresistible Grace: Biblical? <\/a>[2013]<\/p>\n

Exchange on My Humorous Meme About Calvinism (vs. Dr. Glenn Peoples and William Tanksley, Jr.) \/ How Satirical Humor Works<\/a>\u00a0 [1-6-14]<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

St. Augustine, Calvin, and Calvinists Regarding Total Depravity<\/a>\u00a0[1-7-14]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Limited Atonement, Free Will, & Failed Prayers of Jesus<\/a> [7-18-14]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Salvation, Eternal Security, & Grace: Dialogue w Bethany Kerr<\/a> [4-13-15]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Limited Atonement Refuted? (John 12:32)<\/a> [10-19-15]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Reply to a Calvinist on Faith Alone and Works [of God Only?]<\/a> [4-4-17]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Total Depravity and Salvation Outside the Church<\/a> (vs. a Calvinist) [4-4-17]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Is God Alone Holy, According to Scripture? Or Can We Be Too? <\/a>[5-3-17]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Purgatory: Exchange with a Presbyterian (Calvinist)<\/a> [5-11-17]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Dialogue: Does the Bible Teach Limited Atonement?<\/a> [2-23-19]***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Calvinist Hems and Haws with Regard to Answering My Biblical Refutation of Limited Atonement, Then Flatly Refuses<\/a> [Facebook, 2-26-19]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Calvinist Origin of Luther\u2019s (?) \u201cSnow-Covered Dunghill\u201d?<\/a> [5-14-19]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Vs. James White #4: Eternal Security of Believers?<\/a> [9-19-19]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Vs. James White #7: My Refutations of Calvinism & His Non-Replies<\/a> [11-12-19]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Good Works and Men, God\u2019s Grace, and Regeneration<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 8-6-20]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

The Bible is Clear: \u2018Eternal Security\u2019 is a Manmade Doctrine<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 8-17-20]<\/span><\/div>\n

Eternal Security vs. the Bible<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 8-23-20]<\/span><\/p>\n

There Never Will Be a Single Human Being for Whom Christ Did Not Suffer<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 4-28-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Perseverance of the Saints: Reply to a Calvinist<\/a> [5-17-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Westminster vs. Bible #1: Assurance of Salvation<\/a> [5-19-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Limited Atonement: Refutation of James White<\/a> [9-1-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Jesus vs. James White on Who Can be Saved<\/a> [10-12-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Biblical Reasons Why Catholics Don\u2019t Believe in \u2018Limited Atonement\u2019<\/a> [National Catholic Register<\/em>, 10-27-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

More Biblical Reasons Why Catholics Don\u2019t Believe in \u2018Limited Atonement\u2019<\/a> [National Catholic Register<\/em>, 10-30-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Limited Atonement Biblical Arguments Refuted (33 NT Passages Against Limited Atonement and in Favor of Universal Atonement)<\/a> [11-21-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO:<\/span> \u201cOnce Saved Always Saved\u201d REFUTED! \u2013 [20+verses]<\/a> [with Kenny Burchard at Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 11-22-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO: Total Depravity Debunked by the Bible<\/a> [see also the transcript of the initial presentation<\/a>] [with Kenny Burchard at Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 1-21-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to a Calvinist Defender of Total Depravity<\/a> [related to the video immediately above] [1-23-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

Unregenerate Good Works in the Old Testament . . . Over Against the Calvinist Notion of Total Depravity<\/a> [2-2-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

John Calvin & Calvinists on Forensic Justification<\/a> [4-28-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

VII. REPLIES TO FRANCOIS TURRETIN (1623-1687)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span>***
***\n<\/strong><\/span>Turretin Lied About the Catholic View of Scripture<\/a> [8-24-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Turretin, 1 Timothy 3:15, Infallibility, & Eisegesis<\/a> [8-24-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Self-Interpreting Bible & Protestant Chaos (vs. Turretin) (Including Documentation that St. Basil the Great \u2014 Contrary to Turretin\u2019s Claim \u2014 Did Not <\/em>Believe in Sola Scriptura<\/em>)<\/a> [8-29-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Christ\u2019s Descent Into Hades (vs. Francois Turretin) (Biblical and Patristic Support Examined)<\/a> [9-1-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Francis Turretin: the 2nd Greatest Calvinist Theologian After John Calvin, Endorses \u201cMother of God\u201d Terminology<\/a> [Facebook, 3-10-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Francis Turretin: the 2nd Greatest Calvinist Theologian After John Calvin, Believed in the Perpetual Virginity of Mary<\/a> [Facebook, 3-10-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #1: Communion Of Saints 1 (Preliminaries)<\/a> [12-21-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #2: Communion Of Saints 2 (Veneration)<\/a> [12-22-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #3: Communion Of Saints 3 (Intercession)<\/a> [12-23-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #4: Communion Of Saints 4 (Invocation)<\/a> [12-26-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #5: Communion Of Saints 5 (Relics)<\/a> [12-27-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #6: Communion Of Saints 6 (Images)<\/a> [12-27-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #7: Intercession & Veneration Of Angels<\/a> [12-29-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #8: Church #1 (Infallibility 1)<\/a> [1-4-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #9: Church #2 (Indefectibility)<\/a> [1-9-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Vs. Turretin #10: Sanctification<\/a> [5-7-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Salvation Through the Eucharist According to Francois Turretin (1623-1687)<\/a> [Facebook, 2-23-25]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Fran\u00e7ois Turretin #12: Transubstantiation, Pt. 1 (Does Turretin think biblically in this regard or hyper-rationally and skeptically?)<\/a> [2-26-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: How Can That Be Jesus? (Turretin & the Eucharist): Calvinist Hyper-Rationalism vs. the Biblical Teaching of Twenty Kinds of God\u2019s Presence<\/a> [see the written transcript<\/a> of the main presentation]<\/span>\u00a0[Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 5-23-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO:<\/span> The Real Presence: Why Protestant Arguments Keep Failing [vs. Turretin]<\/a> [see also the<\/span> complete transcript, including dialogue<\/a>]<\/span> [Catholic Bible Highlights <\/em>with Kenny Burchard, 2-5-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Miraculous Eucharist (vs. Francois Turretin #4)<\/a> [see also the<\/span> initial transcript<\/a>]<\/span> [Catholic Bible Highlights <\/em>with Kenny Burchard, 4-24-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

VIII. ZWINGLI AND OTHER CALVINISTIC<\/span> \u201cREFORMERS\u201d \/ MARIOLOGY IN PARTICULAR<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Perpetual Virginity of Mary: Held by All Protestant Reformers<\/a> [1-27-02]<\/p>\n

Luther\u2019s Mariology: Have Catholic Apologists Exaggerated It? (And Has Present-Day Protestantism Maintained the Classical \u201cReformation\u201d Protestant Mariology?)<\/a> [4-26-03; rev. 7-15-20]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Protestant \u201cReformer\u201d Zwingli Denied Original Sin<\/a> [5-27-06]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cModerate\u201d Heinrich Bullinger: \u201cReformation\u201d Anti-Catholicism<\/a> [1-16-07]<\/p>\n

Zwingli: Protestant \u201cReformer\u201d, Fornicator, & Vow-Breaker<\/a> [12-20-07]<\/p>\n

Zwingli, Bucer, Oecolampadius: Luther & Lutherans Not Christians\u00a0<\/a>[1-10-08]<\/p>\n

Mary\u2019s Assumption & \u201cReformer\u201d Heinrich Bullinger <\/a>[4-6-08]<\/p>\n

Mary Mother of God: Protestant Founders Agree (Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and Bullinger)<\/a> [10-10-08]<\/p>\n

Protestant \u201cReformer\u201d Martin Bucer: Death for Adulterers!<\/a> [9-18-09]<\/span><\/p>\n

Turretin & Bullinger Accepted Mary\u2019s Perpetual Virginity<\/a> [1-5-10 and 6-1-10]<\/p>\n

Zwingli\u2019s Belief in Mary\u2019s Sinlessness <\/a>[9-30-10]<\/p>\n

Mariology of \u201cReformers\u201d Zwingli & Bullinger<\/a> [4-28-16]<\/p>\n

Zwingli vs. Scripture: Worshiping God Through an Image<\/a> [6-22-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zwingli vs. John the Baptist & Baptism Re Salvation<\/a> [6-23-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zwingli\u2019s Watered-Down Original Sin and Rejection of Baptismal Regeneration as its Antidote<\/a> [6-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zwingli Believed in Mary\u2019s Perpetual Virginity<\/a> [Facebook, 6-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zwingli\u2019s Anti-Biblical Silliness Regarding Absolution of Sins<\/a> [Facebook, 6-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Intercession of the Saints: Zwingli vs. Scripture (Are We Never<\/em> to Seek Intercessory Aid from Departed Saints or Even from Righteous People on the Earth<\/em>?)<\/a> [6-26-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zwingli\u2019s Blindness Regarding Biblical Merit \/ The Ten Clearest Biblical Passages on Merit<\/a> [Facebook, 6-26-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zwingli\u2019s Childish Trashing of the Character of Catholic Theologian and Apologist Johann Eck<\/a> [Facebook, 6-26-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

IX. ECUMENISM<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

My Respect for Protestants\u00a0\/ Catholic Ecumenical Principles<\/a> [2001; addendum: 1-8-03]<\/div>\n

The\u00a0Real<\/em>\u00a0Diet of Augsburg (1530)\u00a0vs. the Protestant Myth<\/a>\u00a0[3-3-04]<\/p>\n

Regensburg (1541) & Poissy (1561): Protestant \u201cEcumenism\u201d?<\/a>\u00a0[4-27-04]<\/p>\n

Zwingli, Bucer, Oecolampadius: Luther & Lutherans Not Christians\u00a0<\/a>[1-10-08]<\/p>\n

John Calvin: Authoritative Council Needed to Unite Protestants<\/a>\u00a0[1-18-08]<\/p>\n

What I Like<\/em> About Calvinism and Calvinists<\/a> [June 2009]<\/p>\n

John Calvin Rebukes Lutheran \u201cBeasts\u201d and \u201cEvil\u201d, Calls Luther an Idolater<\/a>\u00a0[Facebook, 3-23-10]<\/p>\n

Total Depravity and Salvation Outside the Church<\/a> (vs. a Calvinist) [4-4-17]<\/p>\n

*<\/span>***
\n<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>X. ICONOCLASM AND INTOLERANCE
***\n<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>*\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

Early Protestant Antipathy Towards Art (+ Iconoclasm)<\/a>\u00a0[1991]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Protestant Inquisitions: \u201cReformation\u201d Intolerance &\u00a0Persecution<\/a>\u00a0[June 1991; rev. 10-31-03, 3-7-07, 9-14-17]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

John Calvin, Early Calvinism, & Violent Iconoclasm<\/a> [7-4-04]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Dialogue w Lutheran Historian on 16th-Century Intolerance<\/a> [2-15-06]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

16th Century Theft of Church Properties (vs. Lutheran Historian)<\/a>\u00a0[2-22-06]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

16th c. Calvinists vs. Lutherans: Who Suppressed Catholics<\/a> [3-21-07]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Zwingli, Bucer, Oecolampadius: Luther & Lutherans Not Christians\u00a0<\/a>[1-10-08]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cReformation\u201d Theft of Thousands of Catholic Churches<\/a> [4-12-08]<\/p>\n

Unbridled Sectarianism, Sola Scriptura<\/em>, Luther, & Calvin<\/a> [6-24-09]<\/p>\n

Protestant \u201cReformer\u201d Martin Bucer: Death for Adulterers!<\/a> [9-18-09]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Calvin, Zwingli, &\u00a0Bullinger vs. Statues of Christ, Crucifixes, & Crosses<\/a>\u00a0[9-19-09]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

John Calvin Rebukes Lutheran \u201cBeasts\u201d and \u201cEvil\u201d, Calls Luther an Idolater<\/a>\u00a0[Facebook, 3-23-10]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Christmas Trees as Idols?: Silly \u201cBiblical\u201d \u201cArguments\u201d<\/a> [12-12-10]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

\u201cGraven Images\u201d: Unbiblical Iconoclasm<\/a> (vs. John Calvin)<\/span> [Oct. 2012]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Dialogue on Jihadist\u00a0and 16th Century Calvinist Iconoclasm<\/a> (vs. David Scott) [9-27-13]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Is it Wrong to Celebrate and \u201cMake Merry\u201d About the Birth of Jesus and God Becoming Man? No! Clear Biblical Models<\/a> [Facebook, 12-15-20]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Christmas: Theological (Reformed \/ Calvinist) Opposition . . .\u00a0With My Biblical and Historical Refutations<\/a> [12-16-20]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531) on the Execution of Heretics<\/a> [Facebook, 6-11-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

Calvin\u2019s Successor Theodore Beza & Execution of Heretics<\/a> [6-16-25]<\/span><\/span>***
***\n<\/span><\/span>*<\/div>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Icons: Gavin Ortlund\u2019s 500-Year Absence Claim Refuted<\/a> [see also the\u00a0written transcript<\/a>\u00a0of the initial portion]\u00a0[Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 8-9-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

\n***
** ***XI. APOLOGETIC METHOD (PRESUPPOSITIONALISM)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Critique of Van Til\u2019s Presuppositionalism<\/a> [10-23-04]<\/span><\/p>\n

Critique of Presuppositionalism & Greg Bahnsen<\/a> [4-14-07]<\/span><\/p>\n

Dialogue on Presuppositionalism with a Baptist<\/a> [6-10-07]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

XII. GENERAL \/ MISCELLANEOUS<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Calvinism: Tiny Minority Historically & Demographically<\/a> [2-10-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Protestant Confessions & \u201cEver-Virgin\u201d Mary<\/a> [9-6-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

PROTESTANTISM (General)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

*<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

XIII. THE PROTESTANT WORLDVIEW AND THE SO-CALLED \u201cPROTESTANT REFORMATION\u201d SCRUTINIZED<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Protestant Revolt Was Largely Politically Motivated<\/a> [6-11-91]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

The Dichotomous Nature of Protestant Thought<\/a> [Facebook, 6-20-91]***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Protestantism as the Root Cause of Secularization<\/a> [Facebook, 6-20-91]***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Protestantism: Compromising & Liberalizing Tendency<\/a> [6-20-91]***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Pragmatism: Protestant Self-Critique Number One<\/a> [6-20-91]***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Worldliness & Compromise: Protestant Self-Critique #2<\/a> [6-20-91]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Materialism & Narcissism: Protestant Self-Critique #3<\/a> [6-20-91]***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Catholicism is the Ultimate Fulfillment of Protestantism (Bouyer and Chesterton)<\/a> [Facebook, 6-20-91]***
***\n*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Astonishing Hostility to Higher Education in Early Protestantism <\/a>[1991]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Why I Returned to the Catholic Church; Including a Searching Examination of Various Flaws and Errors in the Protestant Worldview and Approach to Christian Living<\/a> (Al Kresta) [transcript of his talk in my home, 4-26-92]<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Protestantism is Too Man-Centered (Extreme Over-Emphasis on the Pastor)<\/a> [Facebook, 1997]<\/div>\n

My Respect for Protestants\u00a0\/ Catholic Ecumenical Principles<\/a> [2001; addendum: 1-8-03]<\/p>\n

Catholic Critique of Anglicanism and the Via Media<\/em><\/a> [11-12-01]<\/p>\n

Books by Dave Armstrong: Protestantism: Critical Reflections of an Ecumenical Catholic<\/em><\/a>\u00a0[May 2003]<\/p>\n

Protestantism Was\u00a0Not<\/em>\u00a0a Revolt?<\/a>\u00a0[6-2-03]<\/p>\n

Clerical Celibacy: Hostile Protestant Commentary & Catholic Replies<\/a>\u00a0[2-21-04]<\/p>\n

The Revised Fundamentalist Baptist Version (RFBV)<\/a> [5-18-04]<\/span><\/p>\n

Early Protestant Hostility Towards Science<\/a> [7-9-04]<\/p>\n

Word \u201cProtestant\u201d Stemmed from Intolerance of Catholic Worship<\/a>\u00a0[2-8-06]<\/p>\n

Why Write \u201cBad\u201d Stuff About Protestant \u201cReformers\u201d?<\/a>\u00a0[5-22-06]<\/p>\n

James White Deacons-Elders-Bishops Controversy (Original title: \u201cDumbbells and Deacons: Does No Protestant Denomination Whatsoever Regard Deacons as the Equivalent of Pastors and Elders \u2014 or Even Bishops?)<\/a> [6-16-07]<\/span><\/p>\n

Catholic \u201cBoth\/And\u201d vs. Protestant \u201cEither\/Or\u201d Dichotomies<\/a> [2-4-08]<\/p>\n

George Washington\u2019s Religious Views<\/a> [5-23-08]<\/p>\n

Erasmus vs. Luther Disputes Documented<\/a> [Feb. 2009]<\/p>\n

Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Philip Melanchthon Wax Astronomical and Geocentric, Oppose Copernicus<\/a>\u00a0[2-5-09]<\/p>\n

Calling of St. Paul & Church Authority: Dialogue w Calvinist<\/a> [10-24-11]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Books by Dave Armstrong: The Quotable Wesley<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>[5-2-12]<\/p>\n

Dialogue on the Term, \u201cProtestant Reformation\u201d and Proposed Alternatives Like \u201cEra of Reformations\u201d and \u201cProtestant Revolt\u201d<\/a> (vs. Anglican historian Dr. Edwin W. Tait) [1-7-14]<\/span><\/p>\n

Protestant & Catholic Holiness, Miracles, & Reform<\/a> [9-23-14]<\/span><\/p>\n

Comments on the Question: \u201cAre Protestants Heretics?\u201d<\/a>\u00a0[vigorous Facebook discussion\u00a0on this topic and about anti-trinitarianism, 10-10-14]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWho Cares About Early Protestant Mariology?\u201d<\/a> [10-16-14]<\/span><\/p>\n

Broad Exchange with a Former Catholic, Bible-Only Protestant<\/a> (vs. John Hallman)\u00a0 [4-13-15]<\/p>\n

\u201cWhy Convince Protestants to Become Catholics?\u201d<\/a> [4-30-15]<\/span><\/p>\n

Debunking the Mythical Invisible Church<\/a> [9-14-15]<\/span><\/p>\n

Arbitrary Bias in the NIV Against \u201cTradition\u201d<\/a> [9-18-15]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cArmstrong vs. Geisler\u201d (Series of Ten Mini-Debates)<\/a> [Facebook, 3-2-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Do Atheists Almost Always Prefer Protestantism to Catholicism?<\/a> [Facebook, 10-25-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Critique of Ten Exaggerated Claims of the \u201cReformation\u201d<\/a>\u00a0[10-31-17; its 500th anniversary date]<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Not Become a Protestant, Due to the Sex Scandals?<\/a> [3-7-19]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Reply to \u201cWhy Remain Protestant?\u201d (Steven Nemes)<\/a> [4-22-22]<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Reply to a \u201cReformation Day\u201d Lutheran Sermon [Vs. Nathan Rinne] (Including St. Augustine\u2019s View on the Rule of Faith & the Perspicuity of Scripture; Luther & Lutherans\u2019 Belief in Falling Away)<\/a> [10-31-23]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Sola Fide<\/em> (Faith Alone) Nonexistent Before the Protestant Revolt in 1517 (Geisler & McGrath)<\/a>\u00a0[Catholic365<\/em>, 10-31-23]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Reply to Gavin Ortlund: Cameron Bertuzzi\u2019s Conversion, Pt. I (Sacramental Confession, Christian Authority, & Protestant Private Judgment)<\/a> [4-11-24]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Various Protestant Errors (vs. Steve Gregg)<\/a> [8-14-24]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

Reply to a Protestant: Misc. Protestant Errors (Includes Biblical Arguments for the Catholic Priesthood)<\/a> [8-17-24]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: The Three Most \u201cUn-Protestant\u201d NT Passages<\/a> [see the initial transcript<\/a> ] [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, with Kenny Burchard, 10-9-25]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Top 5 Un-Protestant Bible Verses<\/a> [w Suan Sonna, on his channel, Intellectual Catholicism<\/em>, 11-26-25]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

Defense of my \u201cTop 5 Un-Protestant Bible Verses\u201d<\/a> [re: the video directly above] [11-30-25]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

\u201cReformation\u201d Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne): Featuring Massively Unbiblical \u201cFaith Alone\u201d & St. Augustine\u2019s Opposition to Imputed Justification: Just One Part of His Thoroughly Catholic Soteriology<\/a> [+ Part 2<\/a>] [4-17-26]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

If the Two Protestant \u201cPillars of the Reformation\u201d (Sola Scriptura<\/em> & Sola Fide<\/em>) Collapse \u2014 and They Do<\/em> Under Biblical Scrutiny \u2013, Then Protestantism Goes Down with Them<\/a> [Facebook, 4-19-26]<\/span>***
***\n*<\/div>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Why Wes Huff (and Everyone) Should Be Catholic<\/a> [+ the initial transcrip<\/a>t] [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, with Kenny Burchard, 6-5-26]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Exchange with a \u201cMe, My Bible, & the Holy Spirit\u201d Type of Protestant Who Unbiblically Pits Those Things Against the Church & \u201cRituals\u201d<\/a> [Facebook, 6-6-26]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Why are so many Protestants filled with such energetic zeal to prove that Catholicism is wrong?<\/a> [Facebook, 7-18-26]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

A Few \u201cWorst\u201d & \u201cBest\u201d Arguments vs. Protestantism<\/a> [8-21-26]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n***
** ***XIV. THE PROTESTANT \u201cQUEST FOR UNCERTAINTY\u201d \/ THE SO-CALLED CATHOLIC \u201cPROBLEM\u201d OF THE \u201cINFALLIBILITY REGRESS\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dialogue on the Logic of Catholic Infallible Authority<\/a> [6-4-96]<\/p>\n

Church Authority & Certainty (The \u201cInfallibility Regress\u201d) <\/a>[July 2000; some revisions on\u00a012-8-11]<\/p>\n

The Protestant \u201cNon-Quest\u201d for Certainty\u00a0<\/a>[3-15-06; abridged and links added on 7-12-20]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ecclesiological Certainty (?) & the \u201cInfallibility Regress\u201d<\/a> [5-22-03 and 10-7-08]<\/p>\n

Glorying in Uncertainty in Modern Protestantism<\/a> (Dialogue with a Calvinist) [11-11-09]<\/p>\n

Does Church Infallibility Require Infallible Catholics?<\/a> [6-8-10]<\/p>\n

Radically Unbiblical Protestant \u201cQuest for Uncertainty\u201d<\/a> [2-12-14]<\/span><\/p>\n

On Protestant Explanations of Catholic Conversion<\/a> [10-15-26]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

XV. PROTESTANTISM: LOGICALLY SELF-DEFEATING \/ REDUCTION TO SELF-CONTRADICTION<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

\n***
** ****<\/p>\n

Protestantism: Is it Logically Self-Defeating?<\/a> [9-15-03]<\/p>\n

Sola Scriptura<\/em> is Self-Defeating and False if Not in the Bible <\/a>(vs. Kevin Johnson) [5-4-04]<\/p>\n

Difficulties of Authority: Luther, Calvin, & Protestantism<\/a> [4-11-04]<\/p>\n

Protestant Principles of Authority are Self-Defeating<\/a> [9-25-08]<\/p>\n

Nutshell Summary of How Sola Scriptura<\/em> is Self-Defeating<\/a> [Facebook, 8-21-26]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

XVI. DENOMINATIONALISM AND SECTARIANISM\u00a0<\/span>***
***\n<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Denominationalism and Sectarianism: An Anti-Biblical Scandal<\/a> [1996]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Two Confessions: On the Church & Private Judgment (Reformed Belgic Confession<\/em> [1561] and Second Helvetic Confession<\/em> [1566])<\/a> [June 2002]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/div>\n

Sacramentarian Controversies (Calvin vs. Luther vs. Zwingli)<\/a>\u00a0[3-29-04]<\/span><\/div>\n

*<\/span><\/div>\n

33,000 Protestant Denominations? No!<\/a> [9-4-04]<\/span><\/div>\n

\u201cAbsurd\u201d Protestant Divisions: Calvin\u2019s Revealing Lament to Melanchthon<\/a>\u00a0[2-6-06]<\/span><\/p>\n

Philip Melanchthon\u2019s Agony Over Protestant Sectarianism<\/a>\u00a0[2-8-06]<\/span><\/p>\n

Bible\u00a0vs.\u00a0Denominationalism and Against \u201cPrimary \/\u00a0Secondary\u201d Doctrines<\/a>\u00a0[8-18-06]<\/span><\/p>\n

Melanchthon in 1530 Longed for Return of Catholic Bishops<\/a>\u00a0[11-30-07]<\/span><\/p>\n

John Calvin: Authoritative Council Needed to Unite Protestants<\/a>\u00a0[1-18-08]<\/span><\/p>\n

Unbridled Sectarianism, Sola Scriptura<\/em>, Luther, & Calvin<\/a> [6-24-09]<\/span><\/p>\n

Short Dialogue with a Presbyterian and a Baptist on the Definition of \u201cFundamentalist\u201d<\/a> [Facebook, 1-7-10]<\/span><\/p>\n

John Calvin Rebukes Lutheran \u201cBeasts\u201d and \u201cEvil\u201d, Calls Luther an Idolater<\/a>\u00a0[Facebook, 3-23-10]<\/span><\/p>\n

Melanchthon\u2019s Agonized Tears Over Early Protestant Divisions<\/a>\u00a0[6-15-11; additions on 10-11-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Bible on Submission to Church & Apostolic Tradition \/ Biblical Condemnation of the Rebellious & Schismatic Aspects of the Protestant Revolt<\/a> [8-27-11]<\/span><\/p>\n

Early Protestant \u201cUnity\u201d: Calvin vs. Westphal vs. Luther<\/a> [11-6-11]<\/span><\/p>\n

Bishop Bossuet on the Schismatic Nature and Internal Difficulties of Protestantism <\/a>[Facebook, 1-4-12]<\/span><\/p>\n

33,000 [?] Denominations & \u201cThankful\u201d James White<\/a> [2-20-16]<\/span><\/p>\n

Church Authority vs. Rampant Sectarianism<\/a> [9-22-16]<\/span><\/p>\n

Orthodoxy and Heresy: Biblical Notions?<\/a> [9-23-16]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cReply to Calvin\u201d #4: \u201cPrimary\u201d & \u201cSecondary\u201d Doctrines<\/a> [4-3-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Catholicism is True and Denominationalism is Anti-Biblical<\/a> [National Catholic Register<\/em>, 6-27-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Sectarianism & Denominationalism: Reply to Calvin #6<\/a> [12-19-18]<\/span><\/p>\n

Does Sola Scriptura<\/em> Create Chaos?<\/a> (vs. Steve Hays) [5-15-20]<\/span><\/p>\n

Unbiblical Denominations (vs. Lucas Banzoli)<\/a> [6-9-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Jason Engwer\u2019s Anti-Papalism Refutes Denominationalism<\/a> [8-2-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Has Lutheranism Avoided Denominationalism? (Widespread Lutheran Compromise & Caving on Abortion & Same-Sex \u201cMarriage\u201d)<\/a> [8-10-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

Martin Luther vs. Sectarianism and Fanaticism<\/a> [10-26-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

How Steve Hays Squared Jesus\u2019 Prayer for Unity in John 17 with Denominationalism<\/a> [Facebook, 6-2-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCatholic Verses\u201d #5: Denominationalism (Including \u201cStraight Talk\u201d on the Catholic and Protestant Inquisitions)<\/a> [10-27-23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Catholicism & Non-Catholic Salvation (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) + How Early Protestants Widely Damned Other Protestants Who Held Different Theological Views<\/a> [2-9-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Early Protestant Idyllic Unity & Catholicity (1525-1563): One Big Happy and Tolerant Family<\/a> [Facebook, 2-10-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Denominationalism & The Bible: Reply To Gavin Ortlund (+ Does the New Testament Present an Ecclesiology of \u201cThe Church\u201d?)<\/a> [2-27-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEcclesialism\u201d vs. Sola Scriptura<\/em> (vs. \u201cThe Other Paul\u201d)<\/a> [3-25-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Calvin & Cranmer: Councils Necessary For Doctrinal Unity<\/a> [5-8-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Luther: \u201cAs Many Sects And Creeds As Heads\u201d (James Swan Misses the Forest for the Trees \/ Calvin & Melanchthon Embarrassed & Scandalized by Protestant Sectarianism)<\/a> [6-17-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Martin Luther Classified Zwingli, Karlstadt, & Oecolampadius as \u201cHeathen\u201d Non-Christians with \u201chyper-bedeviled heart[s]\u201d etc.<\/a> [Facebook, 7-11-24]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Lucas Banzoli\u2019s 30 \u201cCommon\u201d (?) Protestant Views<\/a> [4-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation: Shocking Divisions Revealed!<\/a> [+ the transcript<\/a>]<\/span> [Lux Veritatis<\/em>, 5-4-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Gavin Ortlund vs. Catholic Unity: Are Denominations Biblical?<\/a> [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 10-23-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Early Protestant Leaders Damning Each Other: 40 Examples<\/a> [12-17-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO Short<\/span>: Top Ten: Protestant Reformers Damning Each Other<\/a> [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, 12-19-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Lutheran Javier Perdomo Regarding Perspicuity & Denominationalism<\/a> [Facebook, 6-21-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Anglican Sean Luke on Denominationalism: The Continuing Patently Unbiblical Ludicrosity of all Denominationalism<\/a> [7-22-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

On Protestant Explanations of Catholic Conversion<\/a> [10-15-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

XVII. CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

TV Interview: On Catholicism, Over Against Protestantism (Transcript)<\/a> (also, listen to the audio; see #5<\/a>) [5-1-99]<\/p>\n

My Respect for Protestants\u00a0\/ Catholic Ecumenical Principles<\/a> [2001; addendum: 1-8-03]<\/p>\n

Word \u201cProtestant\u201d Stemmed from Intolerance of Catholic Worship<\/a>\u00a0[2-8-06]<\/p>\n

The Catholic \u201cBoth\/And\u201d vs. the Protestant \u201cEither\/Or\u201d Dichotomous Mindset<\/a> [2-4-08]<\/p>\n

On the Definition of \u201cEvangelical\u201d<\/a> [3-20-08]<\/p>\n

Are All Protestants \u201cSaved\u201d? (\u201cTurretinFan\u201d Insanity)<\/a> [8-4-09; abridged with new intro. on 7-25-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

Dialogue: Definition of \u201cChristian\u201d (vs. Reformed Pastor)\u00a0(+ <\/span><\/a>Did Trent Anathematize all Protestants?<\/a>) [6-5-10]<\/span><\/p>\n

Reply to Robin Phillips\u2019 Why I\u2019m Not a Catholic<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>[1-31-12]<\/p>\n

Michael Voris\u2019 Anti-Protestant Rhetoric<\/a> [8-8-13]<\/p>\n

Should Catholics Try to Persuade Protestants?<\/a> [5-25-16]<\/p>\n

\u201cArmstrong vs. Geisler\u201d (Series of Ten Mini-Debates)<\/a> [Facebook, 3-2-17]<\/p>\n

Critique of Ten Exaggerated Claims of the \u201cReformation\u201d<\/a>\u00a0[10-31-17; its 500th anniversary date]<\/p>\n

Response to All-Over-the-Ballpark Criticisms of my National Catholic Register<\/em> Article, \u201cHere\u2019s Proof That Not Every Protestant Doctrine is Biblical\u201d<\/a> [Facebook, 3-9-18]<\/p>\n

Why Not Become a Protestant, Due to the Sex Scandals?<\/a> [3-7-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

Series of Replies to Theologian and Apologist Norman Geisler<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

#1: \u201cApocrypha\u201d 1: Propheticity<\/a> [7-3-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#2: \u201cApocrypha\u201d 2: NT Citations (Including Related Discussion on Confused, Baffled Protestant Exegesis of Matthew 2:23: \u201cHe shall be called a Nazarene\u201d)<\/a> [7-7-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#3: \u201cApocrypha\u201d 3: Septuagint<\/a> [7-7-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#4: \u201cApocrypha\u201d 4: Early Church<\/a> [7-8-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#5: \u201cApocrypha\u201d 5: Fathers (Also Including Analysis of Josephus\u2019 and Philo\u2019s Views, Jewish Scholars at Jamnia [c. AD 90], and the Qumran Community)<\/a> [7-9-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#6: Sola Scriptura<\/em> 1 (Including Inscripturation; 2 Timothy 3:16; Is Only the Bible Inspired?; Oral Torah)<\/a> [7-11-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#7: Sola Scriptura<\/em> 2 (Fathers)<\/a> [7-15-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#8: Papal Infallibility (Includes Anti-Infallibilist George Salmon; \u201cVicar of Christ\u201d; \u201cHoly Father\u201d; \u201cSupreme Pontiff\u201d; Is Galileo a Catholic Difficulty?)<\/a> [7-16-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#9: \u201cFaith Alone\u201d 1 (Including Luther\u2019s Qualified \u201cFaith Alone\u201d; Catholic Soteriology Accurately Presented; Meritorious Works; Bible vs. \u201cFaith Alone\u201d)<\/a> [7-17-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#10: \u201cFaith Alone\u201d 2 (Including Sacraments, Grace, & Salvation; Protestants & Salvation Through Baptism & the Eucharist)<\/a> [7-18-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#11: Seven Sacraments<\/a> [7-19-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#12: Baptismal Regeneration (Including: Did Paul Refuse to Baptize Because it Was Contrary to the Gospel?; Meaning of Baptism in Acts 2)<\/a> [7-21-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#13: Church & Ecclesiology (Including Authority in the Church; Paul the \u201cLone Ranger\u201d?; Apostolic Succession: Five Biblical Proofs)<\/a> [7-22-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#14: Mary\u2019s Perpetual Virginity (Including Protestant Reformers & Aquinas On In Partu<\/em> Virginity; Biblical Data on Jesus\u2019 \u201cBrothers\u201d)<\/a> [7-23-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#15: Immaculate Conception (Including: Early Protestant Proponents; The Surprisingly Multi-Faceted Biblical Case)<\/a> [7-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#16: Mary\u2019s Assumption (Including: Espousal by Earliest Protestants; Scriptural Arguments; St. John Henry Cardinal Newman\u2019s Reflections)<\/a> [7-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#17: Mary Mediatrix<\/a> [7-25-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

XVIII. ANGLICANISM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Replies to Anglican E. B. Pusey<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

#1: Agreement on Ecumenism and Various Doctrines; Sola Scriptura<\/em><\/a>\u00a0[1-20-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#2: Mary\u2019s Intercession Analogous to \u201cThe prayer of a righteous man has great power in its effects\u201d (James 5:16)<\/a> [1-23-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#3: Admirable Ecumenical Sentiments; Mary as Our \u201cHope\u201d & \u201cRefuge\u201d & \u201cComfort\u201d; Must We Always Know<\/em> of Mary\u2019s Co-Mediation?<\/a>\u00a0[1-26-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

#4: Infallible Ecumenical Councils; Nature of Saints\u2019 Intercession<\/a>\u00a0[1-29-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Apostolic Tradition: 28 Passages in Paul\u2019s Epistles (Including Incisive Commentary from the Anglican Tractarian John Keble: 1792-1866)<\/a> [1-29-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO<\/span>: Why Can\u2019t Women Be Priests in the Catholic Church?<\/a> [see also the transcript of the initial presentation<\/a>] [Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em>, with Kenny Burchard, 10-6-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

XIX. JOHN WESLEY<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

John Wesley (Founder of Methodism), Denied \u201cFaith Alone\u201d?<\/a> [10-20-05]<\/span><\/p>\n

John Wesley\u2019s Belief in an Intermediate State After Death<\/a> [7-13-09]<\/span><\/p>\n

John Wesley Believed in Prayer for the Dead<\/a> [7-13-09]<\/span><\/p>\n

Books by Dave Armstrong: The Quotable Wesley<\/em><\/a> [many quotations from the book linked on this page]<\/span> [2014]<\/span><\/p>\n

John Wesley\u2019s View of Purgatory and Analogous Processes (A Classic Case Study of Inadvertent Approximation of the Very Catholic Teaching He Ostensibly Opposes)<\/a> [5-20-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

John Wesley vs. Extrinsic Justification & \u201cFaith Alone\u201d<\/a> [4-29-26]<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

XX. C. S. LEWIS<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: 20th-Century Christian Knight (Links Page)<\/a> [archived versions of my now-defunct old reference web page (1997-2016) that contained over 500 links at its height and was sometimes cited by Christianity Today<\/em>, etc.]<\/span><\/p>\n

Bibliography of Books and Articles By or About C. S. Lewis<\/a> [1997]<\/span><\/p>\n

My \u201cRomantic \/ Imaginative\u201d Conversion to Christianity<\/a> (\u201cRomanticism, Wagner, C. S. Lewis, Christianity, and Me\u201d) <\/a>[1997; slightly revised on 19 September 2003 and slightly edited and expanded on 23 September 2015]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: Photograph and Reminiscences Page<\/a> [12-20-99; updated on 11-20-06 and 6-16-11]<\/span><\/p>\n

On Sehnsucht<\/em> & Longing (C. S. Lewis & the Romantics)<\/a> [11-13-01]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis\u2019 Views on Christian Unity & Ecumenism<\/a> [6-16-03]<\/span><\/p>\n

A Collection of C. S. Lewis Quotations<\/a> [5-27-04]<\/span><\/p>\n

Myth-as-Truth, J.R.R. Tolkien, and the Conversion of C.S. Lewis<\/a> [8-23-04]<\/span><\/p>\n

Dialogue on C. S. Lewis\u2019 \u201cTrilemma\u201d (Jesus\u2019 Claims)<\/a> [Nov. 2006]<\/span><\/p>\n

Philip Pullman (of\u00a0The Golden Compass<\/em>\u00a0Fame) Takes on God, C.S. Lewis, Christianity, and J.R.R. Tolkien<\/a> [12-29-07]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis\u2019 Childhood in Belfast & Contra-Catholicism (Biographers and\/or Friends Kreeft, Pearce, Derrick, and Possibly Tolkien Think This is Why Lewis Never Became a Catholic)<\/a>\u00a0[6-26-12]<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Didn\u2019t C. S. Lewis Become a Catholic?<\/a>\u00a0[8-29-14]<\/span><\/p>\n

Dialogue on Why C. S. Lewis Didn\u2019t \u201cPope\u201d (Become a Catholic)<\/a> [9-1-15]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis vs. St. Paul on Future Binding Church Authority<\/a> [National Catholic Register<\/em>, 1-22-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Why C. S. Lewis Never Became a Catholic<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 3-5-17]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis on Inevitable Development of Doctrine<\/a> [2-17-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

Contraception: Chesterton, C. S. Lewis, & Teddy Roosevelt<\/a> [7-29-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis\u2019 Belfast Childhood and Contra-Catholicism<\/a> [9-12-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis on Catholicism (Correspondence: 1934-1947)<\/a> [9-13-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis Roundly Mocked the Documentary Hypothesis<\/a> [10-7-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis & Low-Key, Gentle, Subtle Evangelism<\/a> [10-17-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: A Life of Extraordinary Charity & Selflessness<\/a> [10-21-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: Either Hated or Loved by Readers \/ Hearers<\/a> [10-21-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: Criticism of Theological & Political Liberalism<\/a> [10-22-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: Aversion to Crass \u201cChristmas\u201d Commercialism<\/a> [11-1-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: Views on Procreation & Contraception<\/a> [11-1-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis Believed in Vicarious, Redemptive Suffering<\/a> [11-1-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis Believed in the Sacrament of Confirmation<\/a> [11-1-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis & the Invocation & Communion of Saints<\/a> [11-1-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis Believed in Purgatory & Prayer for the Dead<\/a> [11-1-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis Practiced Confession to an Anglican Priest<\/a> [11-1-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis on Ubiquitous Media Bias & Incompetence (. . . Some Things Never Change . . .)<\/a> [11-27-19]<\/span><\/p>\n

More Proof That \u2018Heresy Begins Below the Belt\u2019 (Even for Young C. S. Lewis)<\/a> [National Catholic Register<\/em>, 8-30-20]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis May Have Accepted the Catholic Belief in Annulments<\/a> [Facebook, 9-1-20]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis Left Christianity Due to Masturbation? (Case Study of the Saying, \u201cHeresy Begins Below the Belt\u201d)<\/a> [11-20-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Masturbation: C. S. Lewis Explains Why it is Wrong<\/a> [11-20-21]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis vs. the Bible & Newman Re \u201cReligion\u201d<\/a> [8-19-22]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO: C. S. Lewis On Why He Never Became a Catholic<\/a> [+ transcript<\/a>] [Lux Veritatis<\/em>, 7 minutes, 5-12-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO<\/span>:\u00a015 \u201cRoman Catholic\u201d Views of C. S. Lewis<\/a> [see also the written transcript<\/a>] [with Kenny Burchard, Lux Veritatis<\/em>, 5-20-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: 50 Gems of Wisdom from His Letters<\/a> [5-30-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

VIDEO:<\/span> The Friendship that SAVED The Lord of the Rings!! \u2013 C. S. Lewis & Tolkien<\/a> [see also the written transcript<\/a> of the main presentation] <\/span>[with Kenny Burchard, Lux Veritatis<\/em>,\u00a08-24-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

C. S. Lewis: More Evidences of Anti-Catholic Prejudice<\/a> [12-3-25]<\/span><\/p>\n

\n***
** *
\n***
***\n*<\/p>\n

Practical Matters<\/strong><\/em>:\u00a0 This is the most comprehensive and multi-faceted Catholic apologetics blog:\u00a0rated #1\u00a0for Christian sites<\/a>\u00a0by leading AI tool, ChatGPT. I offer more than 5,000 free online articles,\u00a0fifty-nine books<\/a>, and\u00a0many scores of videos<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0Catholic Bible Highlights<\/em><\/a>\u00a0YouTube channel (please subscribe!). If you believe my\u00a0full-time apostolate<\/a>\u00a0is worth supporting, please seriously consider financially supporting it.\u00a0PayPal donations<\/a>\u00a0are the easiest: just send to my email address:\u00a0apologistdave@gmail.com. You\u2019ll see the term \u201cDave Armstrong Bookstore\u201d. To learn about the different methods of contributing (including\u00a0Zelle<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0100% tax-deductible donations<\/strong>\u00a0if desired), see my page:\u00a0About Catholic Apologist Dave Armstrong \/ Donation Information<\/a>.\u00a0Thanks a million!<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n***
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** Last updated on 15 October 2026<\/span>
** \u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
** <\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
** *\u00a0 [book and purchase information] **** TABLE OF CONTENTS ** * Calvinism * I. REPLIES TO REFORMED BAPTIST GAVIN ORTLUND * II. REPLIES TO STEVE HAYS * III. CALVINISM AND ST. AUGUSTINE * IV. SACRAMENTS: ESPECIALLY BAPTISM AND THE EUCHARIST * V. PREDESTINATION, SUPRALAPSARIANISM, SOVEREIGNTY, JUDGMENT, UNCONDITIONAL ELECTION * VI. \u201cTULIP\u201d: TOTAL DEPRAVITY \/ LIMITED […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2331,"featured_media":8623,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[148,2377,690,2349,691,313],"class_list":["post-343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calvinism-general-protestantism","tag-calvinism","tag-denominations","tag-protestant-reformation","tag-protestantism","tag-reformation","tag-reformed-protestantism"],"yoast_head":"\nCalvinism & General Protestantism: Catholic Critique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many articles from Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong about the errors of Reformed Protestantism (Calvinism) and Protestantism in general.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Calvinism & General Protestantism: Catholic Critique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Many articles from Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong about the errors of Reformed Protestantism (Calvinism) and Protestantism in general.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-10-28T23:58:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-15T16:04:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2011\/10\/Cover-551x833.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"551\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"833\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dave Armstrong\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dave Armstrong\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"27 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \\\"This Rock\\\" (now called \\\"Catholic Answers Magazine\\\"), \\\"Envoy Magazine\\\" (Patrick Madrid), \\\"The Catholic Answer,\\\" \\\"The Coming Home Journal,\\\" \\\"Gilbert Magazine\\\" (American Chesterton Society), and \\\"The Latin Mass.\\\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \\\"The Michigan Catholic\\\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \\\"Catholic Answers Live\\\" (twice), \\\"Faith and Family Live\\\" (Steve Wood), \\\"Kresta in the Afternoon,\\\" \\\"Son Rise Morning Show,\\\" \\\"Catholic Connection\\\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \\\"The Catholics Next Door.\\\" His large and popular website, \\\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\\\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \\\"index\\\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \\\"Surprised by Truth\\\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \\\"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\\\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \\\"The Catholic Verses\\\" (2004), \\\"The One-Minute Apologist\\\" (2007), \\\"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\\\" (2009), \\\"The Quotable Newman\\\" (editor: 2012), and \\\"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\\\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \\\"The New Catholic Answer Bible\\\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \\\"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\\\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \\\"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\\\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \\\"Quotable Wesley\\\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LuxVeritatisApologetics\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong\"}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Calvinism & General Protestantism: Catholic Critique","description":"Many articles from Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong about the errors of Reformed Protestantism (Calvinism) and Protestantism in general.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Calvinism & General Protestantism: Catholic Critique","og_description":"Many articles from Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong about the errors of Reformed Protestantism (Calvinism) and Protestantism in general.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html","og_site_name":"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798","article_published_time":"2011-10-28T23:58:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-10-15T16:04:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":551,"height":833,"url":"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2011\/10\/Cover-551x833.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dave Armstrong","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dave Armstrong","Est. reading time":"27 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html","name":"Calvinism & General Protestantism: Catholic Critique","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-10-28T23:58:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-15T16:04:38+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e"},"description":"Many articles from Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong about the errors of Reformed Protestantism (Calvinism) and Protestantism in general.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2011\/10\/calvinism-and-general-protestantism.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Calvinism & General Protestantism: Catholic Critique"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/","name":"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism","description":"Catholic biblical apologetics","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e","name":"Dave Armstrong","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dave Armstrong"},"description":"Dave Armstrong is a Catholic author and apologist, who has been actively proclaiming and defending Christianity since 1981, and Catholicism in particular since 1991 (full-time since December 2001). Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. 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