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History and Religion

2026-06-06T00:47:19-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Defense of Vatican II vs. Oliveira Leonardo’s Attacks

Last updated on: June 6, 2026 at 12:47 am By Dave Armstrong

[see book and purchase information] *** I know Brazilian Catholic writer Oliveira Leonardo a bit and we have engaged in many cordial and pleasant discussions. I consider him a friend. So this is not personal. But when error is publicly promulgated, it’s my duty as a Catholic apologist to speak out and correct it. This is out of a motive of love for him and all who are reading what he is writing, and a love for truth. He made... Read more

Church (Ecclesiology)

Traditionalism vs. Radical Catholic Reactionaries

Catholic dissidents

Catholic traditionalism

Catholic traditionalists

conspiratorialism

Indefectibility of the Church

infallibility of the Church

modernism

Oliveira Leonardo

quasi-defectibility

Radical Catholic Reactionaries

sacred tradition

Second Vatican Council

Theological Liberalism

Vatican II

Vatican II & Ambiguity

2026-06-06T00:47:19-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Is Sola Scriptura Self-Refuting? (vs. Bruno Lima)

Last updated on: June 6, 2026 at 12:47 am By Dave Armstrong

[book and purchase information] Bruno Lima is a Brazilian Calvinist (and anti-Catholic) writer and apologist. ***** I am responding to his article, “A Sola Scriptura é Auto-Refutável?” [Is Sola Scriptura Self-Refuting?] (11-3-17). His words will be in blue. I have already dealt with the arguments most often used by papists against Sola Scriptura (here). I’m the same on the opposite side. I’ve written three books about it (one / two / three), have an extremely extensive web page about the... Read more

perspicuity of Scripture

2023-02-21T16:10:02-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

NT Baptism of Whole “Households” (vs. Lucas Banzoli)

Last updated on: February 21, 2023 at 4:10 pm By Dave Armstrong

Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. This is my 34th refutation of articles written by Lucas Banzoli. As of yet, I haven’t received a single word in reply to any... Read more

Anti-Catholicism

Baptism and Sacramentalism

adult baptism

Baptism

Baptism of Whole "Households"

baptismal regeneration

circumcision & baptism

doctrinal development of baptism

entrance into the kingdom

2023-02-21T16:09:09-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

On Whether Required Celibacy is “Biblical” (vs. Lucas Banzoli)

Last updated on: February 21, 2023 at 4:09 pm By Dave Armstrong

Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. He has a Master’s degree in theology, a degree and postgraduate work in history, a license in letters, and is a... Read more

Anti-Catholicism

Church (Ecclesiology)

2023-02-21T16:08:31-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Reply to Banzoli’s “Questions for Catholics About Prayer…”

Last updated on: February 21, 2023 at 4:08 pm By Dave Armstrong

Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. He has a Master’s degree in theology, a degree and postgraduate work in history, a license in letters, and is a... Read more

Anti-Catholicism

Saints & Purgatory & Penance

Salvation & Justification

asking saints to pray

Baptists & invocation of saints

Catholic

Catholicism

communion of saints

contra-Catholic apologetics

interceding saints

intercession of the saints

invocation of saints

Lucas Banzoli

praying to saints

praying to the saints

Questions for Catholics About Prayer

Roman Catholic

saints' intercession

2023-02-21T16:07:26-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Reply to Banzoli’s “Analyzing the ‘evidence’ of saints’ intercession”

Last updated on: February 21, 2023 at 4:07 pm By Dave Armstrong

Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. He has a Master’s degree in theology, a degree and postgraduate work in history, a license in letters, and is a... Read more

Anti-Catholicism

Saints & Purgatory & Penance

asking saints to pray

Baptists & invocation of saints

Catholic

Catholicism

communion of saints

contra-Catholic apologetics

interceding saints

intercession of the saints

invocation of saints

Lucas Banzoli

praying to saints

praying to the saints

Roman Catholic

saints' intercession

2023-02-21T16:05:25-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Marian “Idolatry”, “Busy God”, Straw Men… (vs. Lucas Banzoli)

Last updated on: February 21, 2023 at 4:05 pm By Dave Armstrong

Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. He has a Master’s degree in theology, a degree and postgraduate work in history, a license in letters, and is a... Read more

Immaculate Conception

intercession of Mary

intercession of the saints

St. Alphonsus de Liguori

2023-02-21T16:04:30-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Bible on Praying Straight to God (vs. Lucas Banzoli)

Last updated on: February 21, 2023 at 4:04 pm By Dave Armstrong

Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. He has a Master’s degree in theology, a degree and postgraduate work in history, a license in letters, and is a... Read more

Anti-Catholicism

Saints & Purgatory & Penance

Salvation & Justification

prayer of the righteous

prayers of the righteous

praying straight to God

2023-02-21T16:03:46-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Answer to Banzoli’s “Challenge” Re Intercession of Saints

Last updated on: February 21, 2023 at 4:03 pm By Dave Armstrong

Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. He has a Master’s degree in theology, a degree and postgraduate work in history, a license in letters, and is a... Read more

Anti-Catholicism

Saints & Purgatory & Penance

afterlife

communion of saints

hades

intercession of saints

intercession of the saints

intermediate state

invocation of saints

Lazarus and Abraham

Lazarus and the rich man

2026-06-06T00:47:19-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Refuting Lucas Banzoli’s “Catholic Slanders of the Reformation”

Last updated on: June 6, 2026 at 12:47 am By Dave Armstrong

[see book and purchase information] Lucas Banzoli is a very active Brazilian anti-Catholic polemicist, who holds to basically a Seventh-Day Adventist theology, whereby there is no such thing as a soul that consciously exists outside of a body, and no hell (soul sleep and annihilationism). This leads him to a Christology which is deficient and heterodox in terms of Christ’s human nature after His death. He has a Master’s degree in theology, a degree and postgraduate work in history, a license... Read more

Anti-Catholicism

Protestant Persecution & Intolerance

Anabaptists

Catholic Slanders of the Reformation

Inquisition

Lucas Banzoli

Luther & Anabaptists

Luther & capital punishment for heresy

Luther & persecution

Lutheran religious intolerance

Lutherans & persecution

peaceful Anabaptists

Protestant Inquisition

radical Anabaptists

religious intolerance

religious persecution

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