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History and Religion

2025-02-06T11:00:58-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Patristic Development of a Sinless Mary (Cdl. Newman)

Last updated on: February 6, 2025 at 11:00 am By Dave Armstrong

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See the related article, Mary’s Sinlessness & the Fathers (vs. Javier Perdomo) . . . Including a Turn the Tables Argument Regarding Protestant Doctrines Virtually Nonexistent in the Fathers (Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide) [2-5-25]: to which this is a follow-up. All the words in the first section (before the ++++++’s) are St. John Henry Cardinal Newman’s own. I make a few additional brief observations at the end. ***** If I am asked for proof of the doctrine being held... Read more

Development of Doctrine

Fathers of the Church

development of doctrine

Fathers & Mary's sinlessness

Javier Perdomo

Lutheranism & Mary

Mary's Immaculate Conception

Newman on the fathers & Mary's sinlessness

2026-06-06T00:52:51-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Mary’s Sinlessness & the Fathers (vs. Javier Perdomo)

Last updated on: June 6, 2026 at 12:52 am By Dave Armstrong

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Including a Turn the Tables Argument Regarding Protestant Doctrines Virtually Nonexistent in the Fathers (Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide) Javier Perdomo, who recently became a Lutheran (I believe, from another Protestant denomination), and who runs an active YouTube channel, with 289 videos, wrote the very lengthy article, “Church Fathers & Medievals on the Immaculate Conception: An EXTENSIVE list of 150+ Patristic & Medieval quotes undermining the Roman Catholic dogma of the Immaculate Conception” (2-4-25). It was on his substack, that I... Read more

Development of Doctrine

Fathers of the Church

development of doctrine

Fathers & Mary's sinlessness

Javier Perdomo

Lutheranism & Mary

Mary's Immaculate Conception

patristic Mariology

2026-06-13T13:04:34-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Martin Luther’s Ten Important “Catholic” Views

Last updated on: June 13, 2026 at 1:04 pm By Dave Armstrong

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NOTE: see also my video with Kenny Burchard, that discusses these points and adds additional information about Martin Luther: Luther’s Shocking Catholic Confessions: Ten Catholic Truths Martin Luther Embraced!!! [Catholic Bible Highlights, 2-6-25] 1) Catholic Church’s Authority and Christian Status We on our part confess that there is much that is Christian and good under the papacy; indeed everything that is Christian and good is to be found there and has come to us from this source. For instance we... Read more

Martin Luther

Catholic-Lutheran agreement

ecumenical

Luther & Tradition

Luther and the Catholic Church

Luther's Catholic-sounding views

Martin Luther

2026-06-06T00:52:51-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Works & Sanctification Partly Cause Salvation: 34 Passages

Last updated on: June 6, 2026 at 12:52 am By Dave Armstrong

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Drawn from my larger collection, Bible vs. “Faith Alone”: 100 Proofs (8-26-24). All Bible citations are from RSV. Asterisked passages indicate a direct correlation between “sanctification” and either justification or salvation (which Protestantism denies is the case). ***** Psalm 7:10 . . . God . . . saves the upright in heart. Isaiah 32:17 And the effect of righteousness will be peace, and the result of righteousness, quietness and trust for ever. Zephaniah 2:3 Seek the LORD, all you humble of the... Read more

Salvation & Justification

sanctification & salvation

works salvation

2025-01-29T20:22:45-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Apostolic Tradition: 28 Passages in Paul’s Epistles

Last updated on: January 29, 2025 at 8:22 pm By Dave Armstrong

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Including Incisive Commentary from the Anglican Tractarian John Keble (1792-1866) Excerpts are from Primitive Tradition Recognised in Holy Scripture (London: Rivington: 1839), by John Keble (page numbers in green). I use RSV for biblical citations. ***** 1 Corinthians 11:1-2 Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ. [2] I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I have delivered them to you. (cf. Acts 15:27) 2 Corinthians 10:11 Let such people understand that what we say... Read more

Bible and Tradition

Calvinism & General Protestantism

2025-01-29T20:30:30-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Reply to Anglican E. B. Pusey #4

Last updated on: January 29, 2025 at 8:30 pm By Dave Armstrong

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Infallible Ecumenical Councils; Nature of Saints’ Intercession Edward Bouverie (E. B.) Pusey (1800-1882) was an English Anglican cleric, professor of Hebrew at Oxford University for more than fifty years, and author of many books. He was a leading figure in the Oxford Movement, along with St. John Henry Cardinal Newman and John Keble, an expert on patristics, and was involved in many theological and academic controversies. Pusey helped revive the doctrine of the Real Presence in the Church of England, and because of several other affinities... Read more

Calvinism & General Protestantism

Saints & Purgatory & Penance

Anglican rule of faith

Anglican-Catholic dialogue

Anglicans & intercession of saints

E. B. Pusey

John Henry Newman

saints' intercession

2026-06-06T00:52:51-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

John Martignoni: “What the Heck is Papal Indefectibility?”

Last updated on: June 6, 2026 at 12:52 am By Dave Armstrong

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Catholic Apologist John Martignoni strongly critiques me in his “Apologetics for the Masses #501” and — as one can see from my title, which cites his own article title: states that he has never heard of papal indefectibility. I can understand that, at least to some extent, because I didn’t think or write all that much about it, either, until my good friend, the theologian Dr. Robert Fastiggi, editor of the latest (43rd edition of) Denzinger’s Enchiridion symbolorum and 2018... Read more

Papacy & Infallibility

Indefectibility of the Church

John Martignoni

papal indefectibility

Pastor aeternus

St. Robert Bellarmine

Vatican I & papal infallibility

2025-01-29T20:32:57-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Joy in Purgatory: St. Catherine of Genoa & Bishop Camus

Last updated on: January 29, 2025 at 8:32 pm By Dave Armstrong

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Jean-Pierre Camus (1584-1652), bishop of Belley in France, was a friend and follower of St. Francis de Sales (1567-1622). He wrote the book, The Spirit of St. Francis de Sales. It contains the section, “Upon Purgatory”: which I reproduce in its entirety. *** Concerning Purgatory, St. Francis used to say that in the controversy with Protestants there was no point on which the Church could support her doctrine by so many proofs, drawn both from the Scriptures and from the... Read more

Saints & Purgatory & Penance

Bishop Jean-Pierre Camus

joy in purgatory

purgatory

purification after death

St. Catherine of Genoa

Treatise on Purgatory

2025-01-29T20:33:42-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Reply to Anglican E. B. Pusey #3

Last updated on: January 29, 2025 at 8:33 pm By Dave Armstrong

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Admirable Ecumenical Sentiments; Mary as Our “Hope” & “Refuge” & “Comfort”; Must We Always Know of Mary’s Co-Mediation? Edward Bouverie (E. B.) Pusey (1800-1882) was an English Anglican cleric, professor of Hebrew at Oxford University for more than fifty years, and author of many books. He was a leading figure in the Oxford Movement, along with St. John Henry Cardinal Newman and John Keble, an expert on patristics, and was involved in many theological and academic controversies. Pusey helped revive the doctrine of the Real Presence... Read more

Blessed Virgin Mary

Calvinism & General Protestantism

Anglican-Catholic dialogue

E. B. Pusey

John Henry Newman

Mariology

Pusey & Mary's Immaculate Conception

Pusey & veneration of Mary

2025-01-29T20:34:10-04:00

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Reputed Biblical Moral Difficulties & Internal Confusion

Last updated on: January 29, 2025 at 8:34 pm By Dave Armstrong

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Chapter 10 of my book (available for free online), Inspired!: 198 Supposed Biblical Contradictions Resolved. See the Introduction and ch. 1: How Do Atheists Define a “Biblical Contradiction”? All Bible passages RSV unless otherwise noted. ***** “Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being” (Gen. 2:7). Breath is central to the Genesis idea of life. In the verse above, “the... Read more

Bible and Tradition

Books by Dave Armstrong

alleged biblical contradictions

atheists & the Bible

biblical inerrancy

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Inspired!: 198 Supposed Biblical Contradictions Resolved

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