Buddhist Catholic Contemplative Evangelical General Christian Hindu Jewish Latter-day Saint Muslim New Visions Progressive Christian

Beliefs

Topics

Columnists

Resource Library

Research Tools

Video

Podcasts

Thought Readers

Faith In Media Tracker

Newsletters

Ad-Free & Subscriber Log-In Subscription Support

Follow Patheos

Home
Catholic
History and Religion
More Biblical Evidence on Honoring Political Rulers

More Biblical Evidence on Honoring Political Rulers

Last updated on: September 8, 2018 at 4:39 pm by Dave Armstrong

More Biblical Evidence on Honoring Political Rulers 2018-09-08T16:39:31-04:00 Dave Armstrong

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

For background, see these writings of mine about respect for political rulers (especially the first one):

Holy Scripture: Honor and Respect Political Rulers [2-2-17]

Crass Political Bigotry vs. Biblical Teaching on Honoring Rulers [Facebook, 5-18-17]

King Saul was chosen by God, who told the prophet Samuel to anoint him. Likewise, political rulers (in general) are:

from God,

instituted by God.

what God has appointed,

God’s servant for your good.

the servant of God to execute his wrath on the wrongdoer.

ministers of God,

respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

[all from Romans 13:1-7, RSV]

All that was said about Saul, pretty much, was that he was “God’s anointed.” David honored him after he had rebelled against God; even after he died. We have concrete examples of respect and honor towards rulers, with David and Saul, and Paul and the high priest. In both cases, they didn’t engage in extended blasting and mockery and savaging. They both honored the rulers by shutting up.

Negative descriptions can be found in the Bible about various leaders, such as “stupid,” “wicked,” “foolish,” “worthless,” “rebels and companions of thieves,” “like grasshoppers . . . clouds of locusts,” “having no understanding” etc. These are worth examining, in order to see what is being referred to, and (importantly) by whom.

I found exactly one relevant reference to “stupid” leaders (I will be using RSV throughout):

Jeremiah 10:21 For the shepherds are stupid, and do not inquire of the LORD; therefore they have not prospered, and all their flock is scattered.

“Shepherds” are used for spiritual and civic leaders in both the Old Testament and New. Moses is called a shepherd (Is 63:11, and even the heathen Persian ruler Cyrus (Is 44:28). Here it is the prophet Jeremiah saying it of the shepherds of his time, as a class. It was likely referring to priests, since Jeremiah blasts them several times in the book, or is described as clashing with them (2:8, 26; 5:31; 26:8, 11; 27:16; 32:32; 34:19) and false prophets (2:8, 26; 5:13, 31; 14:14-15; 23:13-16, 21, 25-26, 30-31; 26:8, 11; 27:9, 14-16; 29:8-9; 32:32); also secondarily to princes and sometimes to kings.

The thing is, this is a prophet saying all this stuff, or else God through the words of the prophet (which is usually the case with them). His role from God was to identify and expose the false prophets and compromised, idolatrous priests. I don’t believe that in the old covenant the people en masse were charged to do that: at least not primarily, if so at all. Nor is it usually (if at all) about kings. David honored and respected Saul, and Paul and Peter told us to obey and respect emperors.

When it came to the common man, the Law was pretty clear: “You shall not . . . curse a ruler of your people” (Ex 22:28; cited by St. Paul at his trial: Acts 23:5). The Israelites were taught to honor priests:

Lamentations 4:16 [written by Jeremiah as well] The LORD himself has scattered them, he will regard them no more; no honor was shown to the priests, no favor to the elders.

Sirach 7:29, 31 With all your soul fear the Lord, and honor his priests. . . . [31] Fear the Lord and honor the priest, . . .

Deuteronomy 17:12-13 The man who acts presumptuously, by not obeying the priest who stands to minister there before the LORD your God, or the judge, that man shall die; so you shall purge the evil from Israel. [13] And all the people shall hear, and fear, and not act presumptuously again.

1 Maccabees 10:38 As for the three districts that have been added to Judea from the country of Samaria, let them be so annexed to Judea that they are considered to be under one ruler and obey no other authority but the high priest.

The same applied to a prophet:

2 Kings 17:13-14 Yet the LORD warned Israel and Judah by every prophet and every seer, saying, “Turn from your evil ways and keep my commandments and my statutes, in accordance with all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.” [14] But they would not listen, but were stubborn, as their fathers had been, who did not believe in the LORD their God.

Jeremiah 7:25-26 From the day that your fathers came out of the land of Egypt to this day, I have persistently sent all my servants the prophets to them, day after day; [26] yet they did not listen to me, or incline their ear, but stiffened their neck. They did worse than their fathers.

Jeremiah 29:19 because they did not heed my words, says the LORD, which I persistently sent to you by my servants the prophets, but you would not listen, says the LORD.’

Jeremiah 37:2 But neither he nor his servants nor the people of the land listened to the words of the LORD which he spoke through Jeremiah the prophet.

Daniel 9:6 we have not listened to thy servants the prophets, who spoke in thy name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land.

Haggai 1:12 Then Zerub’babel the son of She-al’ti-el, and Joshua the son of Jehoz’adak, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed the voice of the LORD their God, and the words of Haggai the prophet, as the LORD their God had sent him; and the people feared before the LORD.

Mark 6:4 And Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country, and among his own kin, and in his own house.”

When they were to reject a false prophet, it was because of direct commands from God, generally through a true prophet (Dt 13:1-3; 18:22; Jer 23:16; 27:9, 14, 16; 28:15; 29:8). When a priest or prophet was to be judged, as far as we can tell from the Old Testament, it was usually done through a prophet, directly guided by God and often conveying words right from God Himself. I don’t see the common man doing it. They are commanded to obey and honor.

So we found one example in the Bible where leaders were called “stupid”: from the prophet Jeremiah. Let’s try searching “wicked” now. It appears about 520 times in the Bible. I don’t have time to read all of those. So I searched “wicked” with “rulers”. I got one result:

Psalm 94:20-21 Can wicked rulers be allied with thee, who frame mischief by statute? [21] They band together against the life of the righteous, and condemn the innocent to death.

“Wicked and “king” was more fruitful (by one):

2 Kings 21:11 “Because Manas’seh king of Judah has committed these abominations, and has done things more wicked than all that the Amorites did, who were before him, and has made Judah also to sin with his idols;

2 Chronicles 20:25 After this Jehosh’aphat king of Judah joined with Ahazi’ah king of Israel, who did wickedly.

Even these passages don’t refer to a “wicked king” (that phrase — surprisingly to me — never appears in the RSV), but says that a king “has done things more wicked” or “did wickedly.” We also learn about one wicked high priest, Jason:

2 Maccabees 4:7, 13 When Seleucus died and Antiochus who was called Epiphanes succeeded to the kingdom, Jason the brother of Onias obtained the high priesthood by corruption, . . . [13] There was such an extreme of Hellenization and increase in the adoption of foreign ways because of the surpassing wickedness of Jason, who was ungodly and no high priest,

I don’t see how any of these passages provide any analogy to widespread fanaticism and hysteria in bashing presidents and other political rulers. It’s simply the Scripture writers referring to wicked kings and one corrupt priest.

I searched “foolish.” That got 75 matches in my search engine. I guess I can go through those and see what is to be found:

1 Samuel 13:13 And Samuel said to Saul, “You have done foolishly; you have not kept the commandment of the LORD your God, which he commanded you; for now the LORD would have established your kingdom over Israel for ever.

Yep. Again, it’s a prophet rebuking the king. Even David didn’t do that, and was very deferential towards Saul because he was the “LORD’s anointed” (1 Sam 24:6, 10; 26:9, 11, 16, 23; 2 Sam 1:14, 16), and honored Saul after he died, for the same reason (2 Sam 1:17-19, 23-24; 2 Sam 2:5-6). Again, when it came time for David to be rebuked for adultery and murder, it was Nathan the prophet who did it (2 Sam 12:1-15), not every Tom, Dick, and Harry, with an agenda led by salivating, unscrupulous scribes (the equivalent of today’s media).

2 Chronicles 16:9 . . . You have done foolishly in this; for from now on you will have wars.

Once again, it is a prophet, Hana’ni, who was rebuking King Asa (16:7).

Ecclesiastes 4:13 Better is a poor and wise youth than an old and foolish king, who will no longer take advice,

This is proverbial literature, and not about any specific king. In any event, it offers no rationale for mass criticism of kings, which would be contrary to Exodus 22:28. And it was written by King Solomon: an observation about some kings, written by a king.

Isaiah 19:11 The princes of Zo’an are utterly foolish; . . .

This is a prophet commenting on Egyptian princes, hence, not even his own rulers.

Ezekiel 13:3 Thus says the Lord GOD, Woe to the foolish prophets who follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing!

A true prophet excoriating false prophets . . .

That’s it for “foolish.” Five passages . . . I tried to find some relevant connection to “fool” and found this:

Hosea 9:7 . . . The prophet is a fool, the man of the spirit is mad, . . .

This is, again, a true prophet excoriating false prophets.

I found one example of a leader being described as “worthless” (by a prophet):

Zechariah 11:15, 17 Then the LORD said to me, “Take once more the implements of a worthless shepherd. . . . [17] Woe to my worthless shepherd, who deserts the flock!

Isaiah 1:21-23 How the faithful city has become a harlot, she that was full of justice! Righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers. [22] Your silver has become dross, your wine mixed with water. [23] Your princes are rebels and companions of thieves. Every one loves a bribe and runs after gifts. They do not defend the fatherless, and the widow’s cause does not come to them.

This is the only passage I could find with the phrase,”rebels and companions of thieves.” I reiterate: it’s almost always a prophet, or the Scripture writers, who condemn any leader in such strong language, not the common people. That was part of their duty; not ours. “Grasshoppers and locusts” also appears just once, and again, it is a prophet giving a typical prophetic denunciation of corruption and decadence among leaders, and it’s about the destruction of Nineveh (3:7), not about Israel:

Nahum 3:17-18 Your princes are like grasshoppers, your scribes like clouds of locusts . . . [18] Your shepherds are asleep, O king of Assyria; your nobles slumber.

“No understanding” in this respect also appears once, and it is a prophet denouncing shepherds en masse:

Isaiah 56:11 . . . The shepherds also have no understanding; they have all turned to their own way, each to his own gain, one and all.

Jesus told His disciples to follow the teachings, of the Pharisees (Matthew 23) even when they were hypocrites. He (God) excoriated them, just as the prophets excoriated disobedient shepherds in the Old Testament. He didn’t tell His disciples to do so. And that would have been the great time to do so, when he mentioned that they were hypocrites (the same thing He always went after them for).

I’m not talking about the usual political criticism, that can be seen every night in any political show that has guests of different viewpoints. I am opposing personal attacks, savaging, hatred, bitterness, slander, and showing that the Bible has no place for that, when it is discussing political rulers (even the bad ones) . . .

***

Photo credit: Jeremiah on the ruins of Jerusalem (1844), by Horace Vernet (1789-1863) [public domain / Wikimedia Commons]

***

Political & Ethical & Moral Issues

respect for political rulers

respect for politicians

respect for presidents

respect for the presidential office

rhetoric

rulers

slander

speaking evil of rulers

submission

Previous Post

September 6, 2018

God's Judgment of Sin: Analogies for an Atheist Inquirer

Next Post

September 7, 2018 Faith Alone: Development of Church Fathers & St. Augustine?

Browse Our Archives

Select a Category & Last Things About Me Anti-Catholicism Atheism & Agnosticism Baptism and Sacramentalism Bible and Tradition Blessed Virgin Mary Books by Dave Armstrong C. S. Lewis Calvinism & General Protestantism Catholic Apologetics Catholic Apologists Catholic conversion Catholic converts Christmas Church (Ecclesiology) Church History Conversion and Converts Development of Doctrine Eastern Orthodoxy Ecumenism & Christian Unity Eucharist & Liturgy Fathers of the Church French Translations G. K. Chesterton Hell Hell & Satan Hell & Satan & Last Things Heresies & Comparative Religion Holistic Health Inquisition & Crusades & Scandals James White Jews & Judaism & Old Testament John Calvin John Henry Newman Liberal / Modernist Theology Life Issues Literary Resume Lutheranism Mariology Martin Luther Music Orthodoxy Papacy & Infallibility Personal Page Philosophy & Science Political & Ethical & Moral Issues Protestant Persecution & Intolerance Protestantism Purgatory Purgatory & Penance Romantic & Imaginative Theology Saints & Purgatory & Penance Salvation Salvation & Justification Satan & Last Things Sexuality and Gender Issues Spanish Translations Traditionalism vs. Radical Catholic Reactionaries Traducciones al español / tradução para português Trinitarianism & Christology Uncategorized Videos

Select a Month October 2026 September 2026 August 2026 July 2026 June 2026 May 2026 April 2026 March 2026 February 2026 January 2026 December 2025 November 2025 October 2025 September 2025 August 2025 July 2025 June 2025 May 2025 April 2025 March 2025 February 2025 January 2025 December 2024 November 2024 October 2024 September 2024 August 2024 July 2024 June 2024 May 2024 April 2024 March 2024 February 2024 January 2024 December 2023 November 2023 October 2023 September 2023 August 2023 July 2023 June 2023 May 2023 April 2023 March 2023 February 2023 January 2023 December 2022 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 May 2022 April 2022 March 2022 February 2022 January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 April 2010 March 2010 December 2009 October 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 March 2009 February 2009 October 2008 September 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 May 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 October 2005 June 2005 April 2005 February 2005 July 2004 May 2004 April 2004

TAKE THE

Religious Wisdom Quiz