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Hell and the Devil / Last Things (Index Page)

Hell and the Devil / Last Things (Index Page)

Last updated on: September 30, 2026 at 8:54 pm by Dave Armstrong

Hell and the Devil / Last Things (Index Page) 2026-09-30T20:54:36-04:00 Dave Armstrong

LOGO Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Hell5

Gila National Forest, New Mexico (May 2012). Photo by Kari Greer [Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0 license]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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I. Hell and Sheol (Hades) / Damnation & Reprobation / Heretical Annihilationism

II. Universalism / “Hoping All Will be Saved”

III. The Devil (Satan) and Demons

IV. Judgment / Second Coming

V. Last Things (Eschatology) / Prophecies

VI. Heaven / Souls (Theological Anthropology) / “Soul Sleep” / Resurrection

VII. Limbo

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I. Hell and Sheol (Hades) / Damnation & Reprobation / Heretical Annihilationism

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Biblical Evidence for an Eternal Hell [1998]

Jewish and Old Testament Views of Hell and Eternal Punishment [4-14-04]

Dialogue w Agnostic on Basic Differences and Hell [5-17-05]

Replies to Some Skeptical Objections to the Christian Doctrine of Hell (“Religion Is Lies” website) [5-24-06]

Biblical Annihilationism or Universalism? (w Atheist Ted Drange) [9-30-06]

Dialogue w Atheists on Hell & Whether God is Just [12-5-06]

Dialogue on Sheol / Hades (Limbo of the Fathers) and Luke 16 (the Rich Man and Lazarus) with a Baptist (vs. “Grubb”) [2-28-08]

“The Gates of Hell Shall Not Prevail” Against the Church [11-11-08]

Hell: Dialogue with a Philosophy Graduate Student [12-26-08]

Dialogue: Hell & God’s Justice, Part II [1-2-09]

Purgatory is the Waiting Room for Heaven [4-25-09]

Luke 23:43 (Thief on the Cross): “Paradise” = Sheol, Not Heaven, According to Many Reputable Protestant Scholars [5-25-09]

Our Prayers and Souls Ending Up in Heaven or Hell [3-26-14]

Catholic Mystics & Contemplatives on Hell [2014]

Can Hell Actually be Defended? My Shot … [10-7-15]

Atheism & Atheology (copious resources, including on hell) [11-5-15]

A Defense of Hell: Philosophical Explanations of its Plausibility, Necessity, and Factuality [12-10-15]

Exchanges with an Atheist on Hell & Skepticism [12-17-15]

Did Jesus Descend to Hell, Sheol, or Paradise After His Death? [National Catholic Register, 4-17-17]

How to Annihilate Three Skeptical Fallacies Regarding Hell [National Catholic Register, 6-10-17]

Lawler vs. Pope Francis #3: The Pope Annihilated Hell? [1-2-18]

Pope Francis, Hell, Phil Lawler, Lies, Damned Lies, . . . [3-30-18]

Hell as a Deterrent: Analogy to Our Legal Systems [10-3-18]

Taylor Marshall’s Whopper: Pope Francis Denies Hellfire? [6-7-19]

Salvation and Eternal Afterlife in the Old Testament [8-31-19]

Salvation and Immortality Are Not Just New Testament Ideas [National Catholic Register, 9-23-19]

Vs. Atheist David Madison #41: God’s a Sadistic Tyrant (Hell)? [12-18-19]

Luke 16 Doesn’t Describe Hell or Purgatory, But Hades [1-16-20]

The Bible Teaches that Hell is Eternal [National Catholic Register, 4-16-20]

Pope Francis’ Satanic, Demonic, & Hellish Views [6-7-21]

Christ’s Descent Into Hades (vs. Francois Turretin) (Biblical and Patristic Support Examined) [9-1-22]

Defense of Immortal, Conscious Souls (vs. Lucas Banzoli): #11 (“Second Death” = “Lake of Fire” = Eternal Torment in Hell. Jesus & Luke Believed in Both Hades and Hell) [11-25-22]

Eternal Hell: 125 Biblical Evidences [12-2-24]

VIDEO Short: Eternal Hell – Top Ten Bible Proofs [see also the written transcript] [Catholic Bible Highlights, 1-14-26]

VIDEO: Allie Beth Stuckey on Predestination to Hell: Biblical Catholic Takedown [see also the transcript of the initial presentation] [with Kenny Burchard, Catholic Bible Highlights, 1-23-26]

Renowned Calvinists On Unconditional Reprobation (Calvin, Beza, Turretin, Charles Hodge, Shedd, Warfield, Bavinck, Berkhof, Sproul, Grudem, Beeke, Horton) [1-25-26]

Unconditional Reprobation: Calvinist Biblical Prooftexts [1-26-26]

VIDEO: Eternal Hell: Biblical? 25 Verses Say So [see also the initial transcript] [with Kenny Burchard, Catholic Bible Highlights, 9-18-26]

No Hell? Dialogue on Conditional Immortality (+ Part 2 / Part 3) [9-30-26]

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II. Universalism / “Hoping All Will be Saved”

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Dialogue on Hell & the “Possibility” of Universalism [May 2004]

Biblical Annihilationism or Universalism? (w Atheist Ted Drange) [9-30-06]

Did Pope St. John Paul II Teach Universalism? [4-26-11]

Did Julian of Norwich Teach Universalism & Deny Hell? [3-24-14]

Analysis of “Hoping All Will be Saved” / …Hell is Empty” [8-20-15]

Book of Revelation Annihilates Universalism [8-31-15]

Universalism is Annihilated by the Book of Revelation [National Catholic Register, 6-23-19]

Wishing & Desiring For All To Be Saved, Like God Does [1-29-24]

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III. The Devil (Satan) and Demons

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The Stupidity and Idiocy of the Devil (Dialogue) [2-23-97 and 4-10-97]

Unbiblical Antipathy to Miracles & Exorcism (vs. Calvin #53) [12-22-09]

Satan Tempting Jesus as a Proof of His Divinity [2015]

Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science) [2015]

The Devil’s Stupidity & Vanity [3-4-16]

Screwtape on the Neutralization of Effective Apologetics and Divine Callings (National Catholic Register, 2-5-17) [see also, the original 20% longer Facebook version] [1-25-17]

“Withstand”! Satan Exploits Errors & Falsehood for His Nefarious Ends [3-4-17]

Satan is Highly Intelligent—and an Arrogant Idiot [National Catholic Register, 11-27-17]

Are We Allowed to Rebuke and/or Mock the Devil? [11-30-17]

Satan Referenced 24 Times in Gaudete et Exsultate [4-9-18]

Christians & the Stupidity of Satan (vs. Insulting Humanist) [11-9-18]

7 Takes on Satan’s Persecutions and the Balanced Christian Life [National Catholic Register, 11-24-18]

Seidensticker Folly #36: Disease, Jesus, Paul, Miracles, & Demons [1-13-20]
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Pope Francis’ Satanic, Demonic, & Hellish Views [6-7-21]

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IV. Judgment / Second Coming
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Judgment of Nations: A Collection of Biblical Passages [9-21-01]

Judgment of Nations: Biblical Commentary and Reflections [9-21-01]

Reflections on Judgment and Sufficient Knowledge for Salvation [6-7-02]

“If You Died Tonight”: Debate w Matt Slick of CARM [5-22-03]

God’s Judgment of Humans (Sometimes, Entire Nations) [2-16-07]
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Final Judgment & Works (Not Faith): 50 Passages [2-10-08]

Origen (c. 185 – c. 254 ) on Faith, Works, and Judgment [Facebook, 2-27-08]

God’s “Punishing” of Descendants: Unjust? [7-8-10]
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Our Prayers and Souls Ending Up in Heaven or Hell [3-26-14]

Final Judgment Always Has to Do with Works and Never with “Faith Alone” [9-5-14]

Israel as God’s Agent of Judgment [9-28-14]

Dr. David Madison vs. Jesus #3: Nature & Time of 2nd Coming [8-3-19]

Seidensticker Folly #58: Jesus Erred on Time of 2nd Coming? (with David Palm) [10-7-20]

“The Day” (1 Cor 3:13) & Purgatory (Vs. James White) [2-27-24]
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No Particular Judgment? (vs. Anglican Stearns #3): Including a Brief Examination of the Views of the Church Fathers [3-17-25]

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V. Last Things (Eschatology) / Prophecies
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Debate with an Agnostic on the Meaning of “Last Days” and Whether the Author of Hebrews Was a False Prophet (vs. Ed Babinski) [9-13-06]

“The Last Days”: Meaning in Hebrew, Biblical Thought [12-5-08]
*
Suggested View on Bible Prophecy & Eschatology [2-13-17]

The Rapture End-Times Scenario: Catholic Refutations (Links Page) [5-8-17]
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Dr. David Madison vs. Jesus #3: Nature & Time of 2nd Coming [8-3-19]

1 Thessalonians 4 = Rapture? (vs. Patrick O’Brien) [4-14-26]

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VI. Heaven / Souls (Theological Anthropology) / “Soul Sleep” / Resurrection

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Bible and Catholicism on Ghosts and Messages from God in Dreams [2-7-06]
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My Daughter (at 5) on Heaven & Salvation: “Out of the Mouths of Babes” [5-24-07]

“Soul Sleep”: A Thorough Biblical Refutation [11-28-07]

Luther Believed in Soul Sleep; Thus He Rejected Purgatory [2-9-08]

Will We See Our Pets in Heaven? [3-12-08]

“Will We See Each Other in Heaven?” Yes (General Resurrection and Glorified Bodies) [1-22-10]

Our Prayers and Souls Ending Up in Heaven or Hell [3-26-14]
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Multiple Meanings of “Paradise” in Scripture [12-2-14]

Seidensticker Folly #8: Physics Has Disproven Souls? [8-16-18]

Seidensticker Folly #26: Spiritual Bodies R Still Bodies! [10-9-18]
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Salvation and Eternal Afterlife in the Old Testament [8-31-19]

Salvation and Immortality Are Not Just New Testament Ideas [National Catholic Register, 9-23-19]

Replies to Atheists on Souls and the Galileo Fiasco [4-30-20]

Seidensticker Folly #52: Spiritual Bodies R Physical [9-10-20]

Defense of Immortal, Conscious Souls (vs. Lucas Banzoli) [17-Part Series]:

#1 (Preliminaries) [11-1-22]

#2 (Genesis 2:7 and the Hebrew / Biblical Idiom of Synecdoche) [11-4-22]

#3 (Hebrew, Nephesh [Soul]: Massive Figurative Biblical Use) [11-7-22]

#4 (Revelation 6:9: “Souls” in Heaven / 16 Biblical Proofs for Conscious Souls After Death) [11-9-22]

#5 (Revelation 6:9: “Souls” in Heaven Redux) [11-11-22]

#6 (Conspiracy Theories About Bibles and the Many Meanings of “Soul” in Holy Scripture) [11-12-22]

#7 (Banzoli Decides — At Last! — to Reply to My Second Post [#5] About Souls Under the Altar in Heaven) [11-14-22]

#8 (Banzoli’s Soul Sleep Leads Him to Believe That the Soul of Jesus Christ “Died” — Didn’t Exist — Between His Death and Resurrection, and That He was Unconscious in His Human Nature During That Time ) [11-14-22]

#9 (Matthew 10:28: Did Jesus Teach That a Soul Could be Annihilated?) [11-18-22]

#10 (The Story of Lazarus and the Rich Man (Lk 16:19-31) in Relation to the Doctrine of Immortal Souls [11-22-22]

#11 (“Second Death” = “Lake of Fire” = Eternal Torment in Hell. Jesus & Luke Believed in Both Hades and Hell) [11-25-22]

#12 (Paul Affirms Three Times That Souls Continue Outside of the Body / Banzoli Claims That Angels Are Material Beings) [11-29-22]

#13 (Dead Biblical Heroes Return to Earth!: Samuel & Saul / Moses & Elijah at Jesus’ Transfiguration) [12-1-22]

#14: Jesus’ Visit (After He Died) to Hades, Preaching to the “Spirits in Prison” and Setting “Captives” Free [12-2-22]

#15: Hebrews 12:23: “the spirits of just men made perfect” [12-3-22]

#16: Sheol (Hades): Merely the “Grave” or “Underground” or the Conscious Abode of Dead Souls? [12-5-22]

#17: Ecclesiastes 9:5: “The Dead Know Nothing” / Psalm 146:4: “His Thoughts Perish,” Etc. [12-6-22]

Lucas Banzoli Holds to a Seventh-Day Adventist Eschatology and Christology [11-22-22]

Dead Saints Interceding (vs. Lucas Banzoli) [2-8-23]

Weird Lucas Banzoli Errors: Jesus’ References to Heaven [Facebook, 2-21-23]

Saints Can Hear “Millions” Of Prayers? (Vs. Jordan Cooper): Including a Summary of the Extraordinary, Unfathomable Characteristics of Redeemed Human Beings in Heaven [3-20-24]

Luther vs. Scripture: All Ghosts R Satanic Deceivers? [6-28-24]

Characteristics of Saints in Heaven (65 Passages) [11-3-25]

“Provisional Resurrection”: The Heresy That the Reprobate Dead Will Not be Resurrected [Facebook, 9-24-26]
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VII. Limbo

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Has Limbo Been Relegated to Limbo?: It Never Was Definitive Teaching [12-28-07]

Jay Dyer: Intellectual Limbo Re Catholic Belief in Limbo (with Dr. Robert Fastiggi) [7-24-20]

Fate of Unbaptized Infants, Dogma, & Infallibility: Refutation of the Polemical Claims of Brazilian Calvinists Francisco Tourinho & Frankle Brunno [8-11-23]

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Practical Matters: This is the most comprehensive and multi-faceted Catholic apologetics blog: rated #1 for Christian sites by leading AI tool, ChatGPT. I offer more than 5,000 free online articles, fifty-nine books, and many scores of videos at the Catholic Bible Highlights YouTube channel (please subscribe!). If you believe my full-time apostolate is worth supporting, please seriously consider financially supporting it. PayPal donations are the easiest: just send to my email address: [email protected]. You’ll see the term “Dave Armstrong Bookstore”. To learn about the different methods of contributing (including Zelle and 100% tax-deductible donations if desired), see my page: About Catholic Apologist Dave Armstrong / Donation Information. Thanks a million!

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Last updated on 30 September 2026

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