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Development of Doctrine (Index Page for Dave Armstrong)

Development of Doctrine (Index Page for Dave Armstrong)

Last updated on: July 27, 2026 at 12:09 pm by Dave Armstrong

Development of Doctrine (Index Page for Dave Armstrong) 2026-07-27T12:09:58-04:00 Dave Armstrong

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Development (552x828)

[see full book and purchase information]

*****

TABLE OF CONTENTS

***

I. General, Introductory, & Miscellaneous

II. Baptism

III. Bible and Tradition / Canon of the Bible

IV. Ecclesiology

V. Ecumenism

VI. Eschatology (Last Things and Afterlife)

VII. Eucharist and Sacrifice of the Mass

VIII. God, Theology and Doctrine of

IX. Inquisition, Capital Punishment, and Religious Liberty

X. Liturgy / The Mass

XI. Mary: The Blessed Virgin

XII. St. John Henry Cardinal Newman: Doctor of the Church

XIII. Orthodoxy, Eastern

XIV. The Papacy

XV. Protestantism

XVI. Purgatory

XVII. Saints, Communion of

XVIII. Soteriology (Theology of Salvation)

XIX. Usury

***

I. General, Introductory, & Miscellaneous

Classic Catholic Reflections on Development of Doctrine [2-17-91; rev. 1-14-94]

Development of Doctrine: A Corruption of Biblical Teaching? [1995]

Development of Doctrine: He Will Teach You . . . [2-17-91; rev. May 1996]

How Newman Convinced me to Become a Catholic [1996]

Overview of Development of Doctrine (Transcript of TV Interview) (also, listen to the audio: see #4) [5-1-99]

Is Catholicism Half-Pagan? [1999]

William Webster’s Misunderstanding of Development of Doctrine [2000]

Development of Doctrine: Patristic & Historical Development (Featuring Much Documentation from St. Augustine, St. Vincent of Lerins, St. Thomas Aquinas, Vatican I, Popes Pius IX, Pius X, Etc.) [3-19-02]

Catholic Synthesis of Development & “Believed Always by All” [3-19-02]

Development of Doctrine: an Exclusively Catholic Concept? [10-17-02]

Cardinal Newman’s Premises Re Doctrinal Development [12-4-02]

William Webster vs. Tradition, Development, & Truth [4-10-03]

Dispute Over the Nature of Doctrinal Development [11-12-05]

A Brief Introduction to the Development of Doctrine [8-30-06]

Is Catholicism Half-Pagan, & a Blend of Gospel & Lies? [2007]

Catholic Development of Doctrine: A Defense (vs. Jason Engwer; Emphasis on the Canon of the Bible & Church Infallibility) (+ Pt. II / Pt. III / Pt. IV) [1-15-10]

Development of Catholic Doctrine: A Primer [National Catholic Register, 1-5-18]

C. S. Lewis on Inevitable Development of Doctrine [2-17-19]

Dr. Echeverria: Francis Wants Development, Not Revolution [5-28-19]

Development of Doctrine vs. Evolution of Dogma [Ch. 5 of my book, Reflections on Radical Catholic Reactionaries (December 2002; slightly revised in November 2023 for the purpose of the free online version). [11-17-23]
*

Doctrinal Development: 80 Bible Passages [12-10-24]

Reply to Jordan Cooper on Newman & Development [Part II] [1-2-25]

VIDEO: The Mass & Development of Doctrine (vs. Wes Huff) [+ transcript of the initial presentation] [Catholic Bible Highlights with Kenny Burchard, 7-3-26]

II. Baptism

Baptism: Apostolic Teaching & Doctrinal Development [3-8-06]

III. Bible and Tradition / Canon of the Bible

Development of the Biblical Canon: Protestant Difficulties [2-26-02 and 3-19-02; rev. 7-19-18]

Dialogue on Doctrinal Development (Papacy & NT Canon) (vs. Jason Engwer) [2-26-02]

Development of Doctrine: Esp. the Canon (vs. Jason Engwer) [3-19-02]

Papias, Scripture, and Tradition (Round Two): Dialogue with Protestant Apologist Jason Engwer / Sadly Typical End of Discouse with Anti-Catholics [1-14-10, at Internet Archive]

Catholic Development of Doctrine: A Defense (vs. Jason Engwer; Emphasis on the Canon of the Bible & Church Infallibility) (+ Pt. II / Pt. III / Pt. IV) [1-15-10]

Papias (c. 60-c. 130) & the Rule of Faith (vs. Jason Engwer) [1-18-10]

The New Testament Canon is a “Late” Doctrine [National Catholic Register, 1-22-18]

Vs. James White #15: Canon & “Catholic” Traditions [11-18-19]

Bible / Faith “Alone” Vs. The Fathers (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) [2-13-24]

IV. Ecclesiology

Eastern Orthodoxy, Councils, & Doctrinal Development [2000]

Conciliarism: “Orthodox” Option in Medieval Catholicism? [1-20-04]

Does Papal History Contradict Catholic Ecclesiology? [1-20-04]

Cdl. Newman, Vatican I & II, & Papal Infallibility (Clarification) [12-10-05]

Catholic Development of Doctrine: A Defense (vs. Jason Engwer; Emphasis on the Canon of the Bible & Church Infallibility) (+ Pt. II / Pt. III / Pt. IV) [1-15-10]

Early Christology: Development in Relation to Councils & Creeds (vs. David Waltz) [2-6-10]

Jerusalem Council, “Idol” Food, Paul, & Doctrinal Development: Reply to Lydia McGrew [12-9-22]

Debate: Early Catholic Authority & Development of Ecclesiology (vs. Jason Engwer) [12-10-22]

St. Jerome, Papacy, & Succession (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) [1-20-24]

Dave Armstrong Responds to Gavin Ortlund on Jerome & the Monepiscopacy [30-minute audio presentation Suan Sonna’s YouTube channel, Intellectual Catholicism, on 2-4-24]

Jerome & Succession, Vs. Gavin Ortlund: Audio Transcript [2-5-24]
*

Nutshell Argument for Why Only the Catholic Church Headed by the Pope in Rome is THE One Catholic Church [Facebook, 2-6-26]

V. Ecumenism

“Separated Brethren” Term Before Vatican II (1962-1965) [3-25-13]

VI. Eschatology (Last Things and Afterlife)

Jewish and Old Testament Views of Hell and Eternal Punishment [4-14-04]

James Swan is Clueless Re Purgatory & Development [7-5-24]

VII. Eucharist and Sacrifice of the Mass

Transubstantiation & Church History: Dialogue w Lutheran [2-12-05; abridged on 10-23-18]

Eucharistic Sacrifice: The Witness of the Church Fathers [9-12-05]

Development of Sacrifice of the Mass: Dialogue w Lutheran [9-22-05]

“Re-Presentation” vs. “Re-Sacrifice” in the Mass: Doctrinal History [4-4-18]

Did Pope Gelasius (r. 492-496) Deny Transubstantiation? [3-24-21]

The History of Eucharistic Adoration: Development of Doctrine in the Catholic Church (Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J.)

VIII. God, Theology and Doctrine of

Dialogue w Mormon Apologist: God & Doctrinal Development (vs. Dr. Barry Bickmore) (+ Part Two) [12-22-01]

Early Christology: Development in Relation to Councils & Creeds (vs. David Waltz) [2-6-10]

Jesus Always Knew He Was God (Young Messiah) [3-14-16]

Jesus’ Self-Knowledge & the Magisterium (with Jimmy Akin) [3-22-16]

Jesus’ Beatific Vision (Young Messiah) [4-4-16]

IX. Inquisition, Capital Punishment, and Religious Liberty

The Controversial “Torture” Issue as Related to Catholic Development of Doctrine on the Treatment of Heretics [10-24-06, at Internet Archive]

Burning Heretics, Frying Murderers, & Slavery (Analogies) [8-3-18]

Not Burning Heretics was a Far More “Controversial” Change (Pondering the Analogy of Not Burning “Murderers of Souls” to Recent Popes’ Opposition to All Capital Punishment) [8-6-18]

[see many papers on “Capital Punishment” under that category on my Life Issues web page]

X. Liturgy / The Mass

Apologia for the New (Pauline) Mass (with Massive Traditional Documentation, Over Against its Detractors / Summary of Vatican II on Liturgical Reform) [6-18-08]

Dialogue on Method of Communion & Liturgical Development (vs. David Palm) [6-25-08]

XI. Mary: The Blessed Virgin

Assumption & Immaculate Conception: Part of Apostolic Tradition (dialogue) [June 1996]

“Live Chat” Debate on Mary (vs. James White) [12-29-00]

Critique of Mary — Another Redeemer? by James White (Whitewashing History: By William Possidento and Dave Armstrong) [3-12-04; slight revisions and updated links: 6-12-20]

Defense of Critique of Jame’s White’s Misinformed Mariology (particularly with regard to the differing views on early Mariology of Protestant Church historians J.N.D. Kelly and Philip Schaff) (vs. James Swan) [3-15-04 and 9-7-05]

Blessed Cardinal Newman on Mary’s Immaculate Conception [2015]

St. John Henry Newman on Catholic Mariology [May 2015]

Armstrong vs. Collins & Walls #1: Newman’s Mariology [10-17-17]

The “High”, Glorious Mariology of Cardinal Newman (Foreword to The Mariology of Cardinal Newman, by Rev. Francis J. Friedel) [4-11-19]

Vs. James White #15: Canon & “Catholic” Traditions [11-18-19]

Immaculate Conception: Reply to Gavin Ortlund (Including Analysis of Catholic Anathemas in Dogmatic Statements / Development of Doctrine and Mary) [8-22-24]

Mary’s Assumption: Reply to Gavin Ortlund (Its “Late” Development / Two 4th Century Witnesses / Protestant Commentators on Revelation 12 / Biblical Arguments) [8-23-24]

Mary’s Sinlessness & the Fathers (vs. Javier Perdomo) . . . Including a Turn the Tables Argument Regarding Protestant Doctrines Virtually Nonexistent in the Fathers (Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide) [2-5-25]

Patristic Development of a Sinless Mary (Cdl. Newman) [2-6-25]

Newman, Sinless Mary, & Development (vs. Javier Perdomo) . . . Concentrating on the New Eve Analogy in the Church Fathers and its Full Implication Regarding Mary’s Freedom from Actual and Original Sin [2-12-25]

XII. St. John Henry Cardinal Newman: Doctor of the Church

St. John Henry Cardinal Newman: Articles & Books About Him [10-9-19]

How Newman Convinced me to Become a Catholic [1996]

Conscience: the Catholic (and Cardinal Newman’s) View [1998]

William Webster’s Misunderstanding of Development of Doctrine [2000]

Cardinal Newman’s Premises Re Doctrinal Development [12-4-02]

William Webster vs. Tradition, Development, & Truth [4-10-03]

Importance & Influence of Blessed Cardinal Newman [5-22-03]

Was Cardinal Newman a Modernist?: Pope St. Pius X vs. Anti-Catholic Polemicist David T. King (Development, not Evolution of Doctrine) [1-20-04]

Vatican I on Papal Infallibility: “Ultramontanism”? [3-29-04]

Cardinal Newman’s Philosophical & Epistemological Commitments [10-19-04]

Absurd Anti-Newman Rhetoric in Anti-Catholic Polemics [3-19-02 and 9-27-05]

Cdl. Newman, Vatican I & II, & Papal Infallibility (Clarification) [12-10-05]

The Certitude of Faith According to Cardinal Newman [9-30-08]

Newman on Theological Liberalism (Tracts of the Times No. 73) [3-5-11]

Anglican Newman on the Falsity of Perspicuity (Clearness) of Scripture [3-7-11]

John Henry Newman on Papal Infallibility Prior to 1870 (Classic Anti-Catholic Lies: George Salmon, James White, David T. King et al) [8-11-11]

The Quotable Newman (Dave Armstrong): Foreword by Joseph Pearce [9-5-12]

Books by Dave Armstrong: The Quotable Newman (2012) [10-12-12]

Dialogue on Newman’s Kingsley / Apologia Controversy [11-30-12]

Books by Dave Armstrong: The Quotable Newman, Vol. II [8-20-13]

The Quotable Newman (Vol. I, II): Complete Index of Correspondents [8-20-13]

Books by Dave Armstrong: Cardinal Newman: Q & A in Theology, Church History, and Conversion [2-24-15]

Cardinal Newman’s Conversion Odyssey, in His Own Words (1839-1845) [3-19-15]

St. John Henry Newman on Catholic Mariology [May 2015]

Introduction to my book: Cardinal Newman: Q & A in Theology, Church History, & Conversion [5-23-15]

Blessed Cardinal Newman on Mary’s Immaculate Conception [2015]

Implicit (Extra-Empirical) Faith, According to JH Newman [12-18-15]

Blessed John Henry Cardinal Newman: “Father” of Vatican II (Old Links Page) [4-18-16]

Armstrong vs. Collins & Walls #1: Newman’s Mariology [10-17-17]

The “High”, Glorious Mariology of Cardinal Newman (Foreword to The Mariology of Cardinal Newman, by Rev. Francis J. Friedel) [4-11-19]

Dr. Echeverria: Francis Wants Development, Not Revolution [5-28-19]

Kwasniewski vs. Cdl. Newman Re Pope- & Council-Bashing [12-3-20]

Cardinal Newman on Catholic Conversion & Converts [11-19-20]

St. John Henry Cardinal Newman on Apologetics [11-19-20]

Irish Ecclesiastical Record vs. Anti-Catholic George Salmon, Pt. 2 . . . In Which Dr. Salmon Accuses Cardinal Newman of Lying Through His Teeth in His Essay on Development, & Dr. Murphy Magnificently Defends Infallibility and Doctrinal Development Against Gross Caricature [3-12-23]

Irish Ecclesiastical Record vs. Anti-Catholic George Salmon, Pt. 3 . . . In Which Our Sophist-Critic Massively Misrepresents Cardinal Newman and Utterly Misunderstands the Distinction Between Implicit and Explicit Faith [3-12-23]

Irish Ecclesiastical Record vs. Anti-Catholic George Salmon, Pt. 4 . . . in which Dr. Salmon Sadly Reveals Himself to be a Hyper-Rationalistic Pelagian Heretic, and Engages in Yet More Misrepresentation of Development of Doctrine and Cardinal Newman’s Statements and Positions [3-15-23]

Bp. Butler’s Refutation of Anti-Catholic George Salmon, Pt. 1: Doctrinal Development; St. Cardinal Newman’s Views on Papal Infallibility & the Immaculate Conception; St. Irenaeus & Tradition [3-22-23]

Newman on Infallibility & Vatican I (vs. One Peter Five) [Catholic365, 11-24-23]

Newman & Early Church Papal Infallibility & Supremacy (Reply to Jordan Cooper’s Miscomprehensions of St. Cardinal Newman’s Views on the Development of the Papacy & the 1870 Dogma) [Part I] [1-2-25]

Reply to Jordan Cooper on Newman & Development [Part II] [1-2-25]

Patristic Development of a Sinless Mary (Cdl. Newman) [2-6-25]

St. John Henry Cardinal Newman, Doctor of the Church: My 2011 “Prophecy” [Facebook, 8-8-25]

***

Visiting G.K. Chesterton, C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, and John Henry Newman: An England Pilgrimage (Photos) [extraordinary web page by Brandon Vogt]

National Institute for Newman Studies: Digital Collections Newman Reader (virtually all Cardinal Newman books for free in nice HTML format)

XIII. Orthodoxy, Eastern

Roman See as Historic Standard-Bearer of Orthodoxy (+ the Ecclesiological Absurdity of Anti-Catholic-Type Eastern Orthodox Arguments Against Roman Primacy & Apostolicity) [1997]

Anti-Catholic Orthodox Claims of Exclusive Apostolic Succession [Nov. 1998; revised in 2004]

Eastern Orthodoxy, Councils, & Doctrinal Development [2000]

Development of Doctrine in Orthodoxy & Catholicism: Is There an Essential Difference? (w Fr. Deacon Daniel Dozier) [2015]

XIV. The Papacy

The Development of the Papacy (St. John Henry Cardinal Newman) [Facebook, 1997]

Dialogue on Development of Doctrine (Esp. the Papacy) (vs. Jason Engwer) [2000]

Dialogue on Doctrinal Development (Papacy & NT Canon) (vs. Jason Engwer) [2-26-02]

Early Development of the Papacy: Random Reflections [2-26-02]

Reply to Critique of “50 NT Proofs for the Papacy” (vs. Jason Engwer) [3-14-02]

Refutation of a Satirical “Pauline Papacy” Argument (vs. Jason Engwer) [9-30-03]

Biblical Argumentation: Same as Sola Scriptura? [10-7-03]

Does Papal History Contradict Catholic Ecclesiology? [1-20-04]

Vatican I on Papal Infallibility: “Ultramontanism”? [3-29-04]

Cdl. Newman, Vatican I & II, & Papal Infallibility (Clarification) [12-10-05]

Why Papal Infallibility Was Made a Dogma in 1870 [10-17-08]

John Henry Newman on Papal Infallibility Prior to 1870 (Classic Anti-Catholic Lies: George Salmon, James White, David T. King et al) [8-11-11]

Papal Succession & the Bible: An Exchange [1-27-12]

Pope Francis: Obsessed with “Change”? [5-14-16]

Debate: Early Catholic Authority & Development of Ecclesiology (vs. Jason Engwer) [12-10-22]

Newman on Infallibility & Vatican I (vs. One Peter Five) [Catholic365, 11-24-23]

St. Jerome, Papacy, & Succession (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) [1-20-24]

Development of Papal Infallibility Throughout History: Brief Reply to Lutheran Javier Perdomo [Facebook, 2-18-25]

*
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St. Thomas Aquinas and the Origins of the Doctrine of Papal Infallibility (Emmett O’Regan, Nova et Vetera, Winter 2025, Vol. 23, No. 1)

XV. Protestantism

William Webster’s Misunderstanding of Development of Doctrine [2000]

Development of Doctrine: an Exclusively Catholic Concept? [10-17-02]

William Webster vs. Tradition, Development, & Truth [4-10-03]

Dialogue on the Protestant “Non-Quest” for Certainty [3-15-06]

XVI. Purgatory

Is Purgatory a “Place” or a “Condition”?: Misconceptions From [Eastern Orthodox] Fr. Ambrose About My Opinion (and the Church’s View) / Also: Development and Alleged Historical Revisionism [7-24-05]

Purgatory: My Biblical Defense of its Doctrinal Development [9-20-11]

James Swan is Clueless Re Purgatory & Development [7-5-24]

XVII. Saints, Communion of

Veneration of Saints and Its Doctrinal Development: Dialogue with an Inquiring Baptist [12-1-08]

XVIII. Soteriology (Theology of Salvation)

Faith Alone: Development of Church Fathers & St. Augustine? [11-24-00]

Bible / Faith “Alone” Vs. The Fathers (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) [2-13-24]

XIX. Usury

A Response to John Noonan, Jr. Concerning the Development of Catholic Moral Doctrine (Usury, Marriage, Slavery, Religious freedom) (Patrick M. O’Neil)

Did the Church Change Its Doctrine on Usury? (Jay W. Richards, Crisis Magazine, 12-8-14) [see also related in-depth discussion on my Facebook page]

The Red Herring of Usury (David Palm, This Rock, Sep. 1997)

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Practical Matters: This is the most comprehensive and multi-faceted Catholic apologetics blog: rated #1 for Christian sites by leading AI tool, ChatGPT. I offer more than 5,000 free online articles, fifty-nine books, and many scores of videos at the Catholic Bible Highlights YouTube channel (please subscribe!). If you believe my full-time apostolate is worth supporting, please seriously consider financially supporting it. PayPal donations are the easiest: just send to my email address: [email protected]. You’ll see the term “Dave Armstrong Bookstore”. To learn about the different methods of contributing (including Zelle and 100% tax-deductible donations if desired), see my page: About Catholic Apologist Dave Armstrong / Donation Information. Thanks a million!

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Last updated on 9 July 2026

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