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- Romantic and Imaginative Theology: Inklings of Heaven
Romantic and Imaginative Theology: Inklings of Heaven
Last updated on: July 27, 2026 at 12:23 pm by Dave Armstrong
Romantic and Imaginative Theology: Inklings of Heaven 2026-07-27T12:23:13-04:00 Dave Armstrong
Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.

Rainforest in New Zealand (South Island). Photograph by “KraeheMicha” [Pixabay / CC0 public domain]
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A romantic theologian does not mean one who is romantic about theology but one who is theological about romance, one who considers the theological implications of those experiences which are called romantic.
— C. S. Lewis —
***
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Christian Fantasy, Folklore, Mythology, Imagination, and Romanticism
I. C. S. LEWIS / SEHNSUCHT / MY OWN ROMANTICISM
II. GENERAL
III. KING ARTHUR
The Inklings and Other Friends and Influences on C.S. Lewis
IV. GENERAL / VARIOUS
V. GEORGE MACDONALD
VI. J. R. R. TOLKIEN
VII. CHARLES WILLIAMS
VIII. OWEN BARFIELD
The Harry Potter Controversy
IX. PRO
X. CON
XI. BOTH SIDES / AMBIGUOUS OR UNCERTAIN OPINION / NEUTRAL
***
***
Christian Fantasy, Folklore, Mythology, Imagination, and Romanticism
[Disclaimer: I emphatically do not endorse any pagan, occultic, Wiccan, New Age or other beliefs hostile to Christianity, which may appear on some of these sites unbeknownst to me. I am interested in mythology only insofar as it is consistent with a Lewis/Tolkien/George MacDonald sort of imaginative Christian Romanticism]
Now as myth transcends thought, Incarnation transcends myth. The heart of Christianity is a myth which is also a fact . . . To be truly Christian we must both assent to the historical fact and also receive the myth (fact though it has become) with the same imaginative embrace which we accord to all myths . . . For this is the marriage of heaven and earth: Perfect Myth and Perfect Fact: claiming not only our love and our obedience, but also our wonder and delight, addressed to the savage, the child, and the poet in each one of us no less than to the moralist, the scholar, and the philosopher.
— C. S. Lewis —
I. C. S. LEWIS / SEHNSUCHT / MY OWN ROMANTICISM
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My “Romantic / Imaginative” Conversion to Christianity (“Romanticism, Wagner, C. S. Lewis, Christianity, and Me”) (Dave Armstrong) [1997]
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On Sehnsucht & Longing (C. S. Lewis & the Romantics) [11-13-01]
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C. S. Lewis: Photograph and Reminiscences Page (Dave Armstrong) [6-16-11, at Internet Archive]
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C. S. Lewis Photograph Page #2 (Dave Armstrong) [6-16-11, at Internet Archive]
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My Nature-Mystic, Occultic, Practical Atheist Period (1967-1977) [7-27-11]
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Dialogue with a Friendly Atheist #2: Music, Longing, & Mysticism (+ Part Two / #3) [8-7-17 and 8-14-17]
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VIDEO: The Friendship that SAVED The Lord of the Rings!! – C. S. Lewis & Tolkien [see also the written transcript of the main presentation] [Lux Veritatis, with Kenny Burchard, 8-24-25]
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C. S. Lewis’ Argument for God from Desire [2-26-26]
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C. S. Lewis: 20th-Century Christian Knight (Links Page by Dave Armstrong) [online from 1997-2016; archived versions available]
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C. S. Lewis on Myth, Truth, and Fact (Darol Klawetter)
The Childlike in George MacDonald and C. S. Lewis (Don King)
Apostle of the Imagination (Jeremy Halcrow)
Analysis of the contents of George MacDonald: An Anthology (Paul F. Ford)
Index for George MacDonald: An Anthology (Paul F. Ford)
Beyond the Shadowlands: C. S. Lewis on Heaven and Hell (book by Wayne Martindale)
Lord of the Elves and Eldils: Fantasy and Philosophy in C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien (book by Richard L. Purtill)
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Fairy-tales are much more of a picture of the permanent life of the great mass of mankind than most realistic fiction.
— G. K. Chesterton —
II. GENERAL
The Relationship of Romanticism to Christianity and Catholicism in Particular (Dave Armstrong) [2001, at Internet Archive]
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Dialogue on Romanticism and Christianity (w K. Rickert, Jr.) [2-15-04]
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Dialogue on “Natural Evil” (Diseases, Hurricanes, Drought, etc.) [2-15-04]
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Theistic Argument from Desire: Dialogue w Atheist [12-2-06]
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Philip Pullman (of The Golden Compass Fame) Takes on God, C.S. Lewis, Christianity, and J.R.R. Tolkien (compiled by Dave Armstrong) [12-29-07, at Internet Archive]
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Theistic Argument from Longing or Beauty, & Einstein [3-27-08; rev. 3-14-19]
*
*
Argument for God from Desire: Atheist-Christian Dialogue (Dave Armstrong) [8-7-17]
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The Mythopoeic Society
Religion and the Romantic Movement (Christopher Dawson)
Get A Myth: Inventing Stories To Live By (Charles Colson)
Dragons!
The Period of the French Revolution (The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, vol. 11)
Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Romanticism
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francois-Rene de Chateaubriand
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: John Dryden
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gerard Manley Hopkins
Hopkins, Gerard Manley. 1918. Poems
Coventry Patmore (1823-1896)
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Coventry Patmore
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Friedrich von Schlegel
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francis Thompson
William Wordsworth: Complete Poetical Works
The Lewis Carroll Society
Lewis Carroll Home Page
Looking For Lewis Carroll
*
III. KING ARTHUR
*
Arthur: the Matter of Britain
Arthur Of Britain
Arthuriana
The Camelot Project
Magical Glastonbury (G. Ashe)
Gerald of Wales: The Exhumation of Arthur’s Body
Catholic Encyclopedia: THE HOLY GRAIL
Catholic Encyclopedia: CHIVALRY
*
The religious element in Romanticism, whether Catholic or non-Catholic, goes much deeper than the superficial aesthetic appeal. It has its roots in the fundamental principles of the movement.
— Christopher Dawson —
The Inklings and Other Friends and Influences on C.S. Lewis
IV. GENERAL / VARIOUS
Inklings Wikipedia Entry
Introduction to the Inklings (Elesha Coffman)
Seven: An Anglo-American Literary Review (devoted to C.S. Lewis, Chesterton, Tolkien, MacDonald, Williams, Barfield, Sayers)
Review of Richard Sturch’s Four Christian Fantasists: A study of the Fantastic Writings of George MacDonald, Charles Williams, C.S.Lewis and
The Inklings: C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams, and their friends (book by Humphrey Carpenter)
The Inklings Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to the Lives, Thought and Writings of C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, Charles Williams, Owen Barfield and Their Friends (book by by Colin Duriez and David Porter)
The Magical World of the Inklings: J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, Owen Barfield (book by Gareth Knight)
Shadows of Heaven: Religion and Fantasy in the Writing of C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and J. R. R. Tolkien (Religion and Other Disciplines) (book by Gunnar Urang)
Shadows of imagination;: The fantasies of C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Charles Williams (Crosscurrents: modern critiques) (book by Mark Robert Hillegas)
Robert “Humphrey” Havard (Wikipedia)
Nevill Coghill (Wikipedia)
Roger Lancelyn Green (Wikipedia)
John Wain (Wikipedia)
Warren Lewis (Wikipedia)
Christian Mythmakers: C.S. Lewis, Madeleine L’Engle, J.R.R. Tolkien, George Madonald, G.K. Chesterton, and Others (book by Rolland Hein)
Nature is not just something objective which exists outside us. Nature is speaking to us. It is a parable of life itself, a revelation of fearful symmetry.
— Malcolm Muggeridge —
V. GEORGE MACDONALD
The Golden Key: The George MacDonald Page
The Writings, Spiritual Vision, and Legacy of George MacDonald (web page by Michael Phillips)
Who is George MacDonald? (Michael Phillips, Richard Reis, and Mike Dalton)
George MacDonald (Wikipedia)
BrainyQuote: George MacDonald
Quotations (Bartleby)
Quotations (ThinkExist.com)
Quotations (compiled by Michael Phillips)
The fairy story may be made a vehicle of Mystery. That at least is what George MacDonald attempted, achieving stories of power and beauty when he succeeded.
— J. R. R. Tolkien —
The Fantastic Imagination (essay by George MacDonald)
George MacDonald (G. K. Chesterton)
The Childlike in George MacDonald and C. S. Lewis (Don King)
George MacDonald’s Faith in Historical Perspective (Adam Mackay)
An Orthodox Appreciation of George MacDonald (Robert W. Grano)
Description of a MacDonald Sermon (from one present)
George MacDonald is pre-eminently a mythopoeic writer . . . In his power . . . to project his inner life into images, beings, landscapes which are valid for all, he is one of the most remarkable writers of the nineteenth century.
Lilith is equal if not superior to the best of Poe.
— W. H. Auden —
George MacDonald (by C.S. Lewis) (15 Reviews)
A Historical 19th Century Bibliography of His Published Works (description of all books authored in his lifetime, by Michael Phillips)
Analysis of the contents of George MacDonald: An Anthology (Paul F. Ford – book by C.S. Lewis)
Index for George MacDonald: An Anthology (Paul F. Ford – book by C.S. Lewis)
Summary of George MacDonald Books
George MacDonald Books for Purchase
George MacDonald – Victorian Mythmaker (book by Rolland Hein)
George MacDonald: Scotland’s Beloved Storyteller (book by Michael R. Phillips)
George MacDonald in the Pulpit (book edited by J. Joseph Flynn and David Edwards)
Essays on C.S. Lewis and George MacDonald (book by Cynthia Marshall)
George MacDonald, Selections from His Greatest Works (book edited by David Neuhouser)
George MacDonald (book by D. S. Robb)
George MacDonald – a Bibliographical Study (book by Raphael B. Shaberman)
The Stars and the Stillness – a Portrait of George MacDonald (book by Kathy Triggs)
3000 Quotations of George MacDonald (book compiled by Harry Verploggh)
MP3 audio files for Unspoken Sermons
Hyper-Concordance to the Works of George MacDonald
It is not difficult to imagine the peculiar excitement and joy that one would feel, if any specially beautiful fairy-story were found to be ‘primarily’ true, its narrative to be history, without thereby necessarily losing the mythical or allegorical significance that it had possessed . . . God is the Lord of angels, and of men — and of elves. Legend and History have met and fused . . . The Evangelium has not abrogated legends; it has hallowed them, especially the ‘happy ending’.
— J. R. R. Tolkien —
VI. J. R. R. TOLKIEN
VIDEO: The Friendship that SAVED The Lord of the Rings!! – C. S. Lewis & Tolkien [Lux Veritatis, with Kenny Burchard, 8-24-25]
J.R.R. Tolkien’s Take on the Truth (Interview with Author Joseph Pearce on “Lord of the Rings”)
Tolkien: The Man behind the Myth (Mary Lasse)
Where to Go for all Things Tolkien (The best sites on the Internet about the man, his faith, his books, the Inklings and the movies; by Rob Moll)
Wikipedia Entry
Personal Best: The Lord of the Rings (Scott Rosenberg)
Christianity and Middle-Earth
Faith and Fantasy: Tolkien the Catholic, The Lord of the Rings, and Peter Jackson’s Film Trilogy (Steven D. Greydanus)
Lord of the Rings: True Mythology (Leadership University)
God, man, hobbits and Tolkien (Terry Mattingly)
Tolkien’s Impact in Literature and Life (Patrick W. Curles)
Tolkien’s Cosmogony (Ralph C. Wood)
Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings: A Book for Our Time of Terror (Ralph Wood)
Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings: A Christian Classic Revisited (Ralph Wood)
J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973) (Ralph Wood)
The Battle of the Books – No contest. Tolkien runs rings around Potter (Brian M. Carney)
The Mythology of J.R.R. Tolkien: A Spiritual Analysis of Tolkien’s Fiction (Greg Wright)
Lord of the Elves and Eldils: Fantasy and Philosophy in C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien (book by Richard L. Purtill)
Taruithorn, The Oxford Tolkien Society
The Tolkien Society
The Grey Havens – The Ultimate J.R.R. Tolkien Resource Web Page
A Tribute to J.R.R. Tolkien
JRR Tolkien Biography
The Halls of Tolkien
The J.R.R. Tolkien Page
Valar Guild
Steuard’s Tolkien Pages
A Chronological Bibliography of the Writings of J.R.R. Tolkien
The World of JRR Tolkien
The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All (book edited by Gregory Bassham and Eric Bronson)
Tolkien and C.S. Lewis: The Gift of Friendship (book by Colin Duriez)
In poetry the words are the body and the ‘theme’ or ‘content’ is the soul. But in myth the imagined events are the body and something inexpressible is the soul.
— C. S. Lewis —
VII. CHARLES WILLIAMS
A Bibliography of the Works of Charles Williams
Wikipedia Entry
Quotations (BrainyQuote)
Coinherence – The Charles Williams list
What About Charles Williams?: The Secret of the Enigmatic Inkling Revealed (Thomas Howard)
Heterodox Occultic Beliefs of Charles Williams (Crossroad website)
Review of Descent Into Hell (BrothersJudd.com)
The Novels of Charles Williams (Thomas Howard)
Charles Williams, Poet of Theology (Glen Cavaliero)
Charles Williams (Contemporary writers in Christian perspective) (Mary McDermott Shideler)
Steps Toward Salvation: An Examination of Co-Inherence and Substitution in the Seven Novels of Charles Williams (American University Studies Series IV, English Language and Literature) (Dennis L. Weeks)
Charles Williams: An Exploration of His Life and Work (Alice Mary Hadfield)
An immortality for its own sake: A study of the concept of poetry in the writings of Charles Williams (John P Gigrich)
The theology of romantic love: A study of the writings of Charles Williams (Mary McDermott Shideler)
The Pattern in the Web: The Mythical Poetry of Charles Williams (Roma Alvah, Jr. King)
The Magical World of Charles Williams (Gareth Knight)
Charles Williams: A Celebration (edited by by Brian Horne)
*
VIII. OWEN BARFIELD
*
Philosopher Owen Barfield (web page)
Philology and the Incarnation (Owen Barfield)
Owen Barfield: The Journey of the Soul through Western Consciousness (Kenneth McClure)
The Uncertain Legacy of Owen Barfield – Review of documentary Owen Barfield: Man and Meaning (Dale Nelson)
Owen Barfield on C.S. Lewis, by Owen Barfield (reviewed by Bobby Matherne)
A Barfield Reader: Selections from the Writings of Owen Barfield (edited by G. B. Tennyson)
A Barfield Sampler: Poetry and Fiction
Review of Saving the Appearances: A Study in Idolatry (Bobby Matherne)
Review of History in English Words (Bobby Matherne)
C. S. Lewis’ ‘Great War’ With Owen Barfield (book by Lionel Adey)
Heterodox occultic beliefs criticized (Crossroad website)
I do not think the resemblance between the Christian and the merely imaginative experience is accidental. I think that all things, in their way, reflect heavenly truth, the imagination not least.
— C. S. Lewis —
The Harry Potter Controversy
IX. PRO
JKRowling Official Site – Harry Potter and more
*
Harry Potter: Literary Magic or Magical Mystery Sewer? (Dave Armstrong) [7-19-05 and 10-28-10]
*
Is Harry Potter & Related Fantasy Literature Evil? (Dave Armstrong) [Feb. 2018]
*
Facebook “Friend” Savages Me Because I’m Not Totally Opposed to Harry Potter Like She Is [Facebook, 3-2-18]
*
The Alchemist’s Tale: Harry Potter & the Alchemical Tradition in English Literature (John Granger)
The Hidden Key to Harry Potter (book by John Granger / amazon.com page)
Looking for God in Harry Potter (book by John Granger / amazon.com page)
What’s a Christian To Do With Harry Potter? (book by Connie Neal / amazon.com page)
The Gospel According to Harry Potter (book by Connie Neal / amazon.com page)
A Parent’s Guide to Harry Potter (book by Gina Burkart / amazon.com page)
The Wisdom of Harry Potter: What Our Favorite Hero Teaches Us About Moral Choices (book by Edmund M. Kern)
God, the Devil, and Harry Potter: A Christian Minister’s Defense of the Beloved Novels (book by John Killinger / amazon.com page)
Harry Potter and Philosophy: If Aristotle Ran Hogwarts (book by David Baggett, Shawn Klein, William Irwin)
Harry Potter’s World: Multidisciplinary Critical Perspectives (Pedagogy and Popular Culture) (book edited by Elizabeth E. Heilman)
The Ivory Tower And Harry Potter: Perspectives On A Literary Phenomenon (book edited by Lana A. Whited)
Fact, Fiction, and Folklore in Harry Potter’s World: An Unofficial Guide (book by George W. Beahm)
Muggles and Magic: An Unofficial Guide to J.K. Rowling and the Harry Potter Phenomenon (book by George W. Beahm)
Scholastic.com Harry Potter page
Opinion Roundup: Positive About Potter (Christianity Today)
Why We Like Harry Potter (Christianity Today)
Harry Potter is converting Christian critics (Nancy Churnin)
Harry Potter gets Vatican’s blessing (BBC: Feb. 3, 2003)
Think twice before engaging in Potter witchhunt says Evangelical Alliance
Wizards, witches and Christians: A Christian bookstore sells Harry Potter (Hillel Italie)
Harry Potter and the Cardinal Virtues (Mark Shea)
When Harry Met Frodo (Mark Shea)
Fairy Tales Retold: An Interview with Regina Doman
MuggleNet.com | The ULTIMATE Harry Potter Site
X. CON
A Wave of Harry’s Wand Stirs Backlash (book by Gabriele Kuby: Harry Potter – Good or Evil?)
The Perils of Harry Potter: Literary device or not, witchcraft is real—and dangerous (Jacqui Komschlies / Christianity Today)
Parents Push for Wizard-free Reading (Christianity Today)
Is “Harry Potter” Harmless? (ChristianAnswers.Net)
Is Harry Potter Good For Our Kids? (Vivian W. Dudro)
Harry Potter and D and D – Like Two Peas in a Pod? (Berit Kjos)
There’s Something About Harry:A Catholic Analysis of the Harry Potter Phenomenon (Patrick Madrid, Michael O’Brien, Toni Colins: audio talk for sale)
Harry Potter and the Bible: The Menace Behind the Magick (book by Richard Abanes)
Michael O’Brien’s Problems with Harry Potter (David Mills)
Michael O’Brien Responds to His Critics Regarding Harry Potter (Patrick Madrid)
Harry Potter and the Paganization of Culture (book by Michael O’Brien)
Michael O’Brien’s Warning About Harry Potter and “Spiritual Nausea” (Patrick Madrid)
XI. BOTH SIDES / AMBIGUOUS OR UNCERTAIN OPINION / NEUTRAL
Virtue on a Broomstick: The Harry Potter books, and the controversy surrounding them, bode well for the culture (Michael G. Maudlin / Christianity Today)
Potter books: Wicked witchcraft? New documentary claims tales lead kids to the occult (Julie Foster / WorldNetDaily)
The Split Verdict on Harry Potter (Mindy Sink / New York Times)
Pre-16 On Harry Potter (Jimmy Akin)
Vatican Radio On Pre-16 Potter Brouhaha (Jimmy Akin)
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All links updated: 5 January 2017
Updated: 26 February 2026
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