{"id":212,"date":"2017-01-01T22:18:53","date_gmt":"2017-01-02T02:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/chartingchurchleadership\/?p=212"},"modified":"2017-01-01T22:18:53","modified_gmt":"2017-01-02T02:18:53","slug":"paul-opposed-peter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/chartingchurchleadership\/2017\/01\/paul-opposed-peter\/","title":{"rendered":"Paul models resistance to discrimination"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

500 years of protest<\/h1>\n I am a Protestant. I come from a long history of protestors, of resisters. But is it Christian to protest? Does\u00a0Scripture support it? How about resistance to discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities?<\/p>\n Resistance certainly has precedent in Reformation history. Today marks the first day of the 500th<\/sup> calendar-year anniversary of the Reformation. The daring, passionate monk Martin Luther posted his 95 theses<\/a> on the church door in Wittenberg, Germany on All Hallows\u2019 Eve.\u00a0On Wednesday, I\u2019m looking forward to hearing my colleague Dr. Karin Maag discuss \u201c500 Years Later: Why the Reformation Still Matters<\/a>\u201d at the Calvin College January Series.<\/p>\n <\/a> Paul didn\u2019t mince words, neither in person nor in correspondence. Image:\u00a0Saint Paul writing his epistles<\/a> by Valentin de Boulougne.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nJustification by faith<\/h1>\n At Shawnee Park Christian Reformed Church<\/a>, this morning\u2019s sermon by Pastor Nicholas Hopkins was about the first of the five Reformation \u201cSolas\u201d: \u201cSola fide\u201d (\u201cFaith alone\u201d). The text was Galatians 2:15 to 3:14<\/a>, in which we are taught,<\/p>\n We who are Jews by birth and not sinful Gentiles know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one will be justified. (Galatians 2:15-16 NIV<\/a>)<\/p>\n In Galatians and throughout the New Testament, the doctrine of justification by faith is general, eternal theology. No one, not even God\u2019s chosen people of Israel, can earn their way into heaven through good works of any kind. But it\u2019s much too easy for distant readers like us to perceive a watered-down, bloodless abstraction of the \u201cworks of the law.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cI opposed him to his face\u201d<\/h1>\n** ** In context, Paul addressed a specific work demanded by Jewish traditionalists visiting Antioch from Jerusalem: separate tables for inferior\u00a0ethno-religious groups. Two apostles engaged in a direct confrontation: Saul, also called Paul, and Cephas, also called Peter.<\/p>\n ** **When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face<\/strong>, because he stood condemned. For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.<\/p>\n When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel<\/strong>, I said to Cephas in front of them all, \u201cYou are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?\u201d (Galatians 2:11-14 NIV<\/a>, emphasis added)<\/p>\n Therefore, the immediate application of Paul\u2019s vision for justification by faith alone is to resist the specific practice of social ostracism at the dinner table.\u00a0By extension, it attacks the practice of holding one ethnic group to be superior to another. Paul is an outspoken opponent of discrimination; today, he would surely be an outspoken anti-racist and anti-nationalist.<\/p>\n Resistance is not futile<\/h1>\n Though it could be, Paul\u2019s resistance isn\u2019t about the victims of discrimination. He doesn\u2019t express any compassion for the Antiochian Gentiles that Peter shunned. Instead, he attacks the hypocrisy of Cephas. The Gentiles of Galatia even come in for potent ridicule. Paul rails, \u201cYou foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you?\u201d (Galatians 3:1<\/a>).<\/p>\n What can we conclude, except that Paul demands that those who face discrimination should stand up for themselves? He said they were fools\u00a0to go along with their legalistic opponents!<\/p>\n Paul\u2019s resistance to Peter (Cephas) continued with a mission to Jerusalem.\u00a0Ultimately, at\u00a0the Council of Jerusalem in Acts\u00a015<\/a>, Paul and his allies persuaded the church. The whole church\u00a0made\u00a0a declaration that\u00a0fully welcomed Gentiles.\u00a0The only ethical burden was the minimal tasks of avoiding sexual immorality and meat offered to idols.<\/p>\n The letter from the Council of Jerusalem was written by its leader, James the brother of Jesus. He appears by name twice in Galatians (1:19<\/a> and 2:9<\/a>). As I\u2019ve written elsewhere (see \u201cOur model for leadership is a pagan prostitute<\/a>\u201d on this blog) and lectured about in October<\/a>, James was already disposed to support a cosmopolitan, anti-nationalist understanding of the gospel. He had endured the tensions between Hebraic and Hellenistic Jews in the early Jerusalem church. That internal tension within Judaism came to a head with Stephen\u2019s stoning in Acts 7<\/a>.<\/p>\n Communion is eating together<\/h1>\n We find the same application to meals again in I Corinthians 11:17-34<\/a>, where Paul condemns the Corinthian church for \u201cdivisions among you\u201d (11:18). He says \u201cthose who eat and drink without discerning the body of Christ eat and drink judgment on themselves\u201d (11:29). He commands, \u201cwhen you gather to eat, you should all eat together\u201d (11:33).<\/p>\n \u201cDiscerning the body of Christ\u201d does not mean perceiving a magical attribute in the Eucharistic bread, but rather understanding that the body includes everyone<\/a>. In 2011, that recognition led to the Christian Reformed Church\u2019s annual Synod to change its doctrine and welcome children into communion<\/a> without a profession of faith.<\/p>\n Will you follow Paul\u2019s example in 2017? Will you oppose exclusive, judgmental Christianity to its face, and ensure we welcome everyone to the table?<\/p>\n Be a leader: follow Paul as he follows Christ (I Corinthians 11:1 NIV<\/a>).<\/p>\n Charting Church Leadership is back in business in 2017! Coming soon: leadership book reviews, analysis of election results, and religious demographics.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" It\u2019s clear that justification by faith in Galatians is rightly understood as general and eternal doctrine. But it\u2019s too easy for distant readers like us to perceive a watered-down, bloodless abstraction of the \u201cworks of the law\u201d. Paul wrote of a specific conflict with the apostle Peter over discrimination against Gentiles. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2443,"featured_media":213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,28,26,27,18,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bible-study","category-communion","category-ethics","category-racial-equity","category-religion","category-religious-participation"],"yoast_head":"\nPaul models resistance to discrimination<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The context for the Reformation creed of "justification by faith" in Galatians 2 is a confrontation between Peter and Paul about the treatment of outsiders.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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